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BIO 141 Final Exam Practice Questions with Solutions: Urinary and Endocrine Systems, Exams of Biology

Northern Virginia Community CollegeBiology

A set of practice questions with complete solutions for a bio 141 final exam, focusing on the urinary and endocrine systems. It covers topics such as the function of the nephron, hormone action, and the digestive system. The questions are designed to test understanding of key concepts and processes, such as reabsorption, secretion, and hormonal regulation. It is useful for students preparing for exams in biology or related fields, offering a comprehensive review of essential topics. Multiple-choice questions with detailed answers, making it an effective study aid for mastering complex biological concepts. It also covers the male and female reproductive systems.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/03/2025

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BIO 141 FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
1) Pancreatic juices are secreted into the _________.
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Gallbladder -- Answer โœ”โœ” B. Small intestine (CCK stimulates release of
pancreatic juice from pancreas into the pancreatic duct and into the
duodenum)
2) What major urinary structure is immediately after the nephron?
A. Urethra
B. Bladder
C. Ureter
D. Glomerulus -- Answer โœ”โœ” C. Ureter
3) Which of the following processes involves the movement of molecules into the
body?
A. Filtration
B. Secretion
C. Reabsorption
D. Tubular secretion -- Answer โœ”โœ” C. Reabsorption
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Download BIO 141 Final Exam Practice Questions with Solutions: Urinary and Endocrine Systems and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

BIO 141 FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH

COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

  1. Pancreatic juices are secreted into the _________. A. Stomach B. Small intestine C. Large intestine D. Gallbladder -- Answer โœ”โœ” B. Small intestine (CCK stimulates release of pancreatic juice from pancreas into the pancreatic duct and into the duodenum)
  2. What major urinary structure is immediately after the nephron? A. Urethra B. Bladder C. Ureter D. Glomerulus -- Answer โœ”โœ” C. Ureter
  3. Which of the following processes involves the movement of molecules into the body? A. Filtration B. Secretion C. Reabsorption D. Tubular secretion -- Answer โœ”โœ” C. Reabsorption
  1. Which of the following structures is best described as a capillary bed? A. Glomerulus B. Loop of Henle C. Ureter D. Bowman's capsule -- Answer โœ”โœ” A. Glomerulus
  2. Does the osmolarity of the filtrate change from the beginning to the end of the PCT? A. Yes - a lot B. No- not really -- Answer โœ”โœ” B. No- not really, stays around 300 mOsm/l
  3. There is a build-up of carbon dioxide in the blood (respiratory acidosis). What will occur in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the nephron to negate the acidosis? A. Reabsorption of more protons B. Secretion of more protons -- Answer โœ”โœ” B. Secretion of more protons
  4. If the DCT is unable to secrete protons in this situation (respiratory acidosis), what will happen in respiratory rate? A. It will increase B. It will decrease C. It will stay the same -- Answer โœ”โœ” A. It will increase
  5. When considering the nephron loop, the difference in solute concentration in the medulla will cause water to move from __________ to __________ A. the descending limb; the medulla B. the ascending limb; the medulla C. the medulla; the descending limb D. the medulla; the ascending limb -- Answer โœ”โœ” A. the descending limb; the medulla
  1. How is NaCl reabsorption affected if filtrate moves slower through the nephron loop compared to normal? A. More NaCl will be reabsorbed in the ascending Loop of Henle B. Less NaCl will be reabsorbed in the ascending Loop of Henle C. More NaCl will be reabsorbed in the descending Loop of Henle D. Less NaCl will be reabsorbed in the descending Loop of Henle -- Answer โœ”โœ” A. More NaCl will be reabsorbed in the ascending Loop of Henle
  2. If more NaCl is reabsorbed, the filtrate is more ________ compared to normal. A. dilute B. concentrated -- Answer โœ”โœ” A. dilute
  3. Regulation is the process of maintaining homeostasis. What two body systems are the main participants in regulation of the body? A. Cardiovascular and endocrine B. Nervous and urinary C. Nervous and endocrine D. Endocrine and urinary -- Answer โœ”โœ” C. Nervous and endocrine
  4. Which type of hormone can easily pass through a plasma membrane? A. Hydrophobic B. Hydrophilic -- Answer โœ”โœ” A. Hydrophobic (non-polar)
  5. A person is lacking (through genetic mutations) the receptor for a hydrophobic hormone inside the cell. Which of the following observations is correct? A. There are fewer receptors in the plasma membrane of the cell B. There is a decrease in gene expression and protein synthesis C. There are more receptors in the cytoplasm D. The hormone enters the cell and dies -- Answer โœ”โœ” B. There is a decrease in gene expression and protein synthesis
  1. What are the endocrine glands of the digestive system? A) Pancreas and Pituitary gland B) Pituitary Gland and Liver C) Hypothalamus and pancreas D) Pancreas and Liver E) Hypothalamus and Pituitary gland -- Answer โœ”โœ” (D)Pancreas and Liver
  2. What is the female gonad? A. Ovary B. Vagina C. Uterus D. Egg -- Answer โœ”โœ” A. Ovary
  3. What is the male gamete? A. Penis B. Testes C. Sperm D. Scrotum -- Answer โœ”โœ” C. Sperm
  4. Adult blue whales have 22 pairs of chromosomes. How many chromosomes are found in one blue whale gamete (egg or sperm)? A. 22 B. 44 C. 11 D. 66 -- Answer โœ”โœ” A. 22
  5. When do Sperm start swimming? Upon entering the____a___, sperm are signaled by a pH change.

B. FSH

C. GnRH -- Answer โœ”โœ” C. GnRH

  1. Why would action potentials from the sympathetic nervous system be counterproductive during sexual excitement? a) Increased total peripheral resistance b) Shunting of blood to active tissue c) Decreased blood flow to genitals d) B and C e) All of the above -- Answer โœ”โœ” (d) B and C
  2. Which of the following is TRUE? A) Sustentacular/Sertoli cells are stimulated by FSH to release Androgen Binding Protein B) Interstitial/Leydig cells are stimulated by LH to release testosterone C) Androgen Binding Protein and testosterone are both required to stimulate sperm production (spermatogenesis) D) B and C E) All are true -- Answer โœ”โœ” E)All are true
  3. A man is taking in high levels of external testosterone as steroids. How will this impact the normal control of sex hormones in his body? A. The pituitary will release more FSH/LH B. The pituitary will release less FSH/LH C. The body will produce more natural testosterone D. The hypothalamus will release more GnRH -- Answer โœ”โœ” B. The pituitary will release less FSH/LH
  4. What is the outer most layer of the digestive tract called? A.) Mucosa B.) Submucosa C.) Muscularis

D.) Serosa -- Answer โœ”โœ” D.) Serosa

  1. The small intestine is lined with ______ which helps aid in the absorption of nutrients. A.) Oblique muscle B.) Villi and Microvilli C.) Hydrochloric acid (HCl) D.) Macrophages -- Answer โœ”โœ” B.) Villi and Microvilli
  2. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) is primarily responsible for breaking down what nutrient? A.) Protein B.) Carbohydrate C.) Lipid D.) Minerals -- Answer โœ”โœ” A.) Protein
  3. Secretin is responsible for which of the following functions? A.) Denaturing of proteins B.) Denaturing of carbohydrates C.) Release of sodium bicarbonate D.) Aids in absorption -- Answer โœ”โœ” C.) Release of sodium bicarbonate
  4. The internal anal sphincter is involuntarily controlled. A.) True B.) False -- Answer โœ”โœ” A.)True
  5. Which of the following is not able to diffuse through the glomerulus to the glomerulus capsule? A.) Hydrogen Ions B.) Glucose C.) Water D.) Red Blood Cells
  1. Which of the following hormones are responsible for spermatogenesis? A.) LH B.) FH C.) LH and Testosterone D.) FH and Testosterone -- Answer โœ”โœ” C.) LH and Testosterone
  2. Which of the following structures is responsible for sperm's ability to stick to the walls of the vagina? A.) Seminal Vesicle B.) Bulbourethral Gland C.) Prostate Gland D.) Urethra -- Answer โœ”โœ” A.) Seminal Vesicle
  3. What is the majority of semen made up of? A.) Sperm B.) Seminal Vesicle Fluid C.) Bulbourethral Gland Fluid D.) Prostate Gland Fluid -- Answer โœ”โœ” B.) Seminal Vesicle Fluid
  4. What part of the sexual response cycle is present in males but not females? A.) Excitement B.) Plateau C.) Orgasm D.) Refractory -- Answer โœ”โœ” D.) Refractory
  5. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) is released from what structure? A.) Hypothalmus B.) Pituitary Gland C.) Cerebral Cortex D.) Liver -- Answer โœ”โœ” A.) Hypothalmus
  1. In males, FSH produces _____ cells and LH produces LH _____ cells? A.) Sertoli cells; interstitial cells B.) Interstitial cells; sertoli cells -- Answer โœ”โœ” A.) Sertoli cells; interstitial cells
  2. Sperm fertilizes an egg in which of the following structures? A.) Vagina B.) Uterus C.) Fallopian Tube D.) Ovary -- Answer โœ”โœ” C.) Fallopian Tube
  3. A bodybuilder heavily injects steroids (increased testosterone) to help with muscle gains. Which of the following is possible consequence of this action? A.) Increased production of GnRH B.) Decreased production of GnRH C.) No change to the production of GnRH -- Answer โœ”โœ” B.) Decreased production of GnRH
  4. What hormone is responsible for causing ovulation? A.) Estrogen B.) LH C.) FSH D.) Oxytocin -- Answer โœ”โœ” B.) LH
  5. What is responsible for increased estrogen and progesterone production after ovulation? A.) Follicle B.) Follicle and egg C.) Corpus Luteum D.) Egg -- Answer โœ”โœ” C.) Corpus Luteum
  1. Pancreatic juices help with _____________. A. Chemical digestion B. Mechanical digestion -- Answer โœ”โœ” A. Chemical digestion
  2. If you have six full 16 oz red solo cups of beer at a party, how long will it take until the alcohol leaves your system? (Rate = 1 oz/hr) A) 6 hours B) 8 hours C) 10 hours D) 12 hours E) 24 hours -- Answer โœ”โœ” (D) 12 hours
  3. Gastrin inhibitory peptide (GIP) inhibits the release of gastrin and, as a result __________. A) nothing else B) HCL C) Pepsinogen D) Mucus E) B, C and D -- Answer โœ”โœ” E) B, C and D
  4. If you are unable to secrete HCL into your stomach, then mainly__________ digestion will decrease. A. carbohydrate B. lipid C. nucleic acid D. Protein -- Answer โœ”โœ” D. Protein (HCL turns pepsinogen into pepsin which attacks amino acids)