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BIO 121 FINAL EXAM UPDATED QUESTIONS
& VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins?
- ANSWER>>> rough endoplasmic reticulum Which of the following is (are) concerned with maintaining calcium balance? - ANSWER>>>>>>>all of the above Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to - ANSWER>>> bone The diaphragm separates the ____________ from the ____________. - ANSWER>>>>>>>thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity Unlike cartilage, bone (^) - ANSWER>>> is highly vascular The dominant fiber type in most dense connective tissue is - ANSWER>>>>>>>collagen Which of the following bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton? - ANSWER>>>>>>>sacrum You are given samples of adipose tissue and muscle tissue that have equal volumes. . After weighing the samples, you find the sample of muscle tissue has a greater mass Which is true of their densities?
- ANSWER>>>
muscle tissue has a greater density Intercalated discs and striations are characteristic of - ANSWER>>> cardiac The cardiovascular reflexes are based in the - ANSWER>>> medulla oblongata
2 | Page muscle tissue What level of organization is the smallest living level of organization? - ANSWER>>>>>>>cellular level Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the ANSWER>>>>>>>lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.
As the ________ nerve approaches the knee, it divides into two branches, the common fibular nerve and the tibial nerve.
- ANSWER>>>
sciatic The quadriceps group includes all of the following, except the - ANSWER>>>>>>>biceps femoris Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters are released via ________ when the action potential arrives. - ANSWER>>> exocytosis An increased amount of sodium in the extracellular fluid would lead to: - ANSWER>>>>>>>increase in extracellular fluid volume Which of the following is not part of the axial division of the skeletal system? - ANSWER>>>>>>>pectoral girdle The tough horny superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the - ANSWER>>>>>>>stratum corneum Cells that store fat are called - ANSWER>>> adipocytes The Roman numeral VIII indicates the ________ nerve. - ANSWER>>>>>>>vestibulocochlear
4 | Page bonds of food is known as: energ y The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is - ANSWER>>>>>>>elastin An organelle having the function of storing enzymes that carry out intracellular digestion is the: (^) - ANSWER>>> lysosome Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks? - ANSWER>>> gluteal Mesotheli um is to the body cavities as endotheli um is to the
- ANSWER>>>
hea rt and blood vessels The most abundant high-energy compound in cells is - ANSWER>>> ATP The synthesis of mRNA requires: - ANSWER>>> both a and b (DNA+ nucleotides) Sodium is more concentrated outside the cell than inside, despite the fact that some sodium does diffuse into the cell. The reason for this is: - ANSWER>>> sodium is transported out of the cell against its concentration gradient by active transport The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the - ANSWER>>>>>>>foot
5 | Page A person standing with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the - ANSWER>>>>>>>anatomical position A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________. - ANSWER>>>>>>>antagonist In which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise? - ANSWER>>> brachial The term gene is most synonymous with: - ANSWER>>> DNA code for protein A fatty acid that contains multiple double covalent bonds is said to be - ANSWER>>>>>>>polyunsaturated During sympathetic activation,
__ occurs.
- ANSWER>>>
all of th e abov e The soleus is a synergist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion. - ANSWER>>>>>>>TRUE Which type of synapse is most common in the nervous system? - ANSWER>>>>>>>chemical The type of contraction in which the muscle fibers do not shorten is called - ANSWER>>>>>>>isometric A frontal (coronal) plane separate s the
- ANSWER>>>
anterio r and
7 | Page The humerus is an example of a(n) ________ bone. - ANSWER>>> long The thin filaments are made of which protein(s)? - ANSWER>>> all of the above Directing long term changes in the activities of other organ systems is the major function of the ________ system. (^) - ANSWER>>> endocrine Muscle fibers differ from typical cells in that muscle fibers - ANSWER>>> have many nuclei An amino acid is to a protein as ____________ is to a nucleic acid. - ANSWER>>>>>>>nucleotide If a substance has a pH greater than 7, it is - ANSWER>>> alkaline Anatomy is to ___________ as physiology is to ___________. - ANSWER>>>>>>>structure and function Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are - ANSWER>>>>>>>endocrine glands The cerebellum (^) - ANSWER>>> has all these characteristics Which of these is a forearm bone? - ANSWER>>> radius Double bonding between carbon atoms: - ANSWER>>> is a feature of unsaturated fatty acids Thalamic neurons that synapse in the primary sensory cortex are ________ neurons. - ANSWER>>>>>>>third order Damage to the ________ nerve would result in near paralysis of the eye. - ANSWER>>>>>>>Oculomotor
8 | Page Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are - ANSWER>>> organic molecules In using the compound microscope, the amount of light passing through the specimen is controlled by the: - ANSWER>>> iris diaphragm The stretch reflex - ANSWER>>> Is important in regulating muscle length. A freely movable joint is a(n) - ANSWER>>> diarthrosis The corticospinal system (tracts) is often referred to as the - ANSWER>>>>>>>pyramidal system (tracts). The type of muscle contraction that occurs when one is standing at attention is: - ANSWER>>>>>>>isometric The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly - ANSWER>>> myelinated axons The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the - ANSWER>>>>>>>cerebral aqueduct. Which of the following represents synthesis (anabolism)? - ANSWER>>>>>>>glycogenesis The anteri or horns of the spinal cord contai n mainly
- ANSWER>>>
somati c motor nucl ei
10 | Page The visual cortex is located in the - ANSWER>>> occipital lobe Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a(n) - ANSWER>>>>>>>cartilage model Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction? - ANSWER>>>>>>>spreading the fingers The period during which a cell carries out its specialized function (e.g. contraction, secretion) is: - ANSWER>>> interphase The effect that a neurotransmitter has on the postsynaptic membrane depends on - ANSWER>>>>>>>all of the above You have just eaten a large meal and sit down to relax by the fire. Which part of the nervous system has most likely been stimulated? - ANSWER>>> parasympathetic division The minimum amount of stimulus needed to generate an action potential is referred to as:
- ANSWER>>> threshold A peptide bond is formed by reaction betwee n:
- ANSWER>>>
carbox yl group and amino group Earwax is produced by ________ glands. - ANSWER>>> ceruminous
11 | Page Parkinson disease is the result of
- ANSWER>>>
inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons. The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of
- ANSWER>>>
diffusion The plasma (cell) membrane of skeletal muscle fibers is called the - ANSWER>>>>>>>sarcolemma A single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibers it innervates is called - ANSWER>>>>>>>motor unit Which of the following is not an upper limb bone? (^) - ANSWER>>> metatarsals The nucleus of an atom consists of - ANSWER>>> protons + neutrons When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of - ANSWER>>> negative feedback Hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is placed into - ANSWER>>> hypotonic solution Characteristics of epithelia include - ANSWER>>> all of the above The following is a basic component used in the synthesis of a: - ANSWER>>>>>>>polypeptide (protein) The process of simple diffusion: (^) - ANSWER>>> occurs because of random movement of particles The structural units of mature compact bone are called - ANSWER>>> osteons.
13 | Page An immovable joint is a(n) - ANSWER>>> synarthrosis
An important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is - ANSWER>>>>>>>Vitamin D Each of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle, except - ANSWER>>>>>>>lysosomes Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false? - ANSWER>>>>>>>They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical stress. Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called - ANSWER>>>>>>>osteoblasts Intercostal is to muscle as intervertebral disc is to: (^) - ANSWER>>> bursa A muscle of the anterior thigh that has its origin on the femur and insertion on the tibial tuberosity causes: - ANSWER>>> extension of the leg Which pH is closest to normal blood pH? (^) - ANSWER>>> 7. The two components of the integumentary system are the - ANSWER>>>>>>>cutaneous membrane and accessory structures The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by
ANSWER>>>>>>>oligodendrocytes Sutures can be found at all of the joints of an adult skull, except between - ANSWER>>>>>>>mandible and cranium Which of the followin g best describ es the
- ANSWER>>>
wher e thin
triphosphate ) is: contractio n and relaxation of muscle Parathyroid hormone - ANSWER>>> all of the above A disorder characterized by a bacterial infection of bone marrow and consequent decalcificat ion resulting in a softening of bones is:
- ANSWER>>>
osteomyel itis The smallest neuroglia of the CNS that act as phagocytes are the - ANSWER>>>>>>>microglia. The powerful abductor muscle of the upper arm is the - ANSWER>>> deltoid The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains - ANSWER>>> axons of motor neurons | Page A cell with many mitochondria would most likely use which of the following to produce most of the ATP? - ANSWER>>> electron transport chain Ionic bonds are formed when - ANSWER>>> b) electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. Cholinergic synapses release the neurotransmitter - ANSWER>>> acetylcholine The __________ filters and relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex. - ANSWER>>>>>>>thalamus In general, sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________.
- ANSWER>>> b) short; long The ligaments that limit the anterior-posterior movement of the femur and maintain the
alignment of the femur and tibia are the ________ ligaments. - ANSWER>>>>>>>cruciate During contractio n of a skeletal muscle fiber:
- ANSWER>>>
ATP is converte d to ADP and inorganic phosphat e The mandible - ANSWER>>> b) supports the lower teeth. Fats are a good source of energy because: - ANSWER>>> ß oxidation of fatty acids yields acetyl CoA which can enter the Krebs cycle A solution with pH = 5 would:
- ANSWER>>>
have 1 x 10- 5 moles of hydrogen ion per liter In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with
- ANSWER>>>
water, causin g decompositi on Voltage- gated channels are present
- ANSWER>>>
in the membrane that covers axons An example of an organic substance is - ANSWER>>> sucrose
ANSWER>>>>>>>neural Which of the following most closely represents the length of an average adult humerus?
- ANSWER>>> 30 cm A lipid made of a glycerol molecule with two fatty acids attached to one side and a phosphate group connecting a non-lipid group attached to the other - ANSWER>>>>>>>phospholipids In using the compound microscope, the amount of light passing through the specimen is controlled by the: - ANSWER>>> iris diaphragm - ANSWER>>>
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