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BIO 121 FINAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ALREADY GRADED A+
Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> rough endoplasmic reticulum Which of the following is (are) concerned with maintaining calcium balance? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> all of the above Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to - CORRECT ANSWER >>> bone The diaphragm separates the ____________ from the ____________. **- CORRECT ANSWER
** thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity Unlike cartilage, bone - CORRECT ANSWER >>> is highly vascular The cardiovascular reflexes are based in the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> medulla oblongata The dominant fiber type in most dense connective tissue is - CORRECT ANSWER >>> collagen Which of the following bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton? **- CORRECT ANSWER ** sacrum You are given samples of adipose tissue and muscle tissue that have equal volumes. After weighing the samples, you find the sample of muscle tissue has a greater mass. Which is true of their densities? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> muscle tissue has a greater density
Intercalated discs and striations are characteristic of - CORRECT ANSWER >>> cardiac muscle tissue What level of organization is the smallest living level of organization? **- CORRECT ANSWER
** cellular level Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord. As the ________ nerve approaches the knee, it divides into two branches, the common fibular nerve and the tibial nerve. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> sciatic The quadriceps group includes all of the following, except the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> biceps femoris Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters are released via ________ when the action potential arrives. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> exocytosis An increased amount of sodium in the extracellular fluid would lead to: **- CORRECT ANSWER ** increase in extracellular fluid volume Which of the following is not part of the axial division of the skeletal system? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> pectoral girdle The tough horny superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the **- CORRECT ANSWER ** stratum corneum Cells that store fat are called - CORRECT ANSWER >>> adipocytes
- CORRECT ANSWER >>> lysosome Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> gluteal Mesothelium is to the body cavities as endothelium is to the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> heart and blood vessels The most abundant high-energy compound in cells is - CORRECT ANSWER >>> ATP The synthesis of mRNA requires: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> both a and b (DNA+ nucleotides) Sodium is more concentrated outside the cell than inside, despite the fact that some sodium does diffuse into the cell. The reason for this is: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> sodium is transported out of the cell against its concentration gradient by active transport The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> foot A person standing with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> anatomical position A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> antagonist In which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> brachial The term gene is most synonymous with: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> DNA code for protein
A fatty acid that contains multiple double covalent bonds is said to be **- CORRECT ANSWER
** polyunsaturated During sympathetic activation, ___________ occurs. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> all of the above The soleus is a synergist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion. **- CORRECT ANSWER ** TRUE Which type of synapse is most common in the nervous system? **- CORRECT ANSWER ** chemical The type of contraction in which the muscle fibers do not shorten is called - CORRECT ANSWER >>> isometric
A frontal (coronal) plane separates the body into: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> anterior and posterior parts According to the rules of complementary base pairing in nucleic acids, cytosine would pair with the base - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Guanine Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> elevation The heart is ________ to the lungs. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> medial Damage to which of the following muscles would interfere most with the ability to breathe? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> intercostals
Directing long term changes in the activities of other organ systems is the major function of the ________ system. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> endocrine Muscle fibers differ from typical cells in that muscle fibers - CORRECT ANSWER >>> have many nuclei An amino acid is to a protein as ____________ is to a nucleic acid. **- CORRECT ANSWER
** nucleotide If a substance has a pH greater than 7, it is - CORRECT ANSWER >>> alkaline Damage to the ________ nerve would result in near paralysis of the eye. **- CORRECT ANSWER ** Oculomotor Anatomy is to ___________ as physiology is to ___________. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> structure and function Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are - CORRECT ANSWER >>> endocrine glands The cerebellum - CORRECT ANSWER >>> has all these characteristics Which of these is a forearm bone? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> radius Double bonding between carbon atoms: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> is a feature of unsaturated fatty acids
Thalamic neurons that synapse in the primary sensory cortex are ________ neurons. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> third order Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are - CORRECT ANSWER >>> organic molecules In using the compound microscope, the amount of light passing through the specimen is controlled by the: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> iris diaphragm The stretch reflex - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Is important in regulating muscle length. A freely movable joint is a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> diarthrosis The corticospinal system (tracts) is often referred to as the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> pyramidal system (tracts). The type of muscle contraction that occurs when one is standing at attention is: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> isometric The white matter of the spinal cord is mainly - CORRECT ANSWER >>> myelinated axons The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> cerebral aqueduct. Which of the following represents synthesis (anabolism)? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> glycogenesis The anterior horns of the spinal cord contain mainly - CORRECT ANSWER >>> somatic motor nuclei
The visual cortex is located in the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> occipital lobe Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> cartilage model Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction? **- CORRECT ANSWER
** spreading the fingers Earwax is produced by ________ glands. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> ceruminous The period during which a cell carries out its specialized function (e.g. contraction, secretion) is:
- CORRECT ANSWER >>> interphase The effect that a neurotransmitter has on the postsynaptic membrane depends on - CORRECT ANSWER >>> all of the above You have just eaten a large meal and sit down to relax by the fire. Which part of the nervous system has most likely been stimulated? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> parasympathetic division The minimum amount of stimulus needed to generate an action potential is referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> threshold A peptide bond is formed by reaction between: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> carboxyl group and amino group Parkinson disease is the result of - CORRECT ANSWER >>> inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons.
The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER >>> diffusion The plasma (cell) membrane of skeletal muscle fibers is called the **- CORRECT ANSWER
** sarcolemma A single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibers it innervates is called - CORRECT ANSWER >>> motor unit Which of the following is not an upper limb bone? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> metatarsals The nucleus of an atom consists of - CORRECT ANSWER >>> protons + neutrons When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER >>> negative feedback The structural units of mature compact bone are called - CORRECT ANSWER >>> osteons. Hemolysis may occur when a blood cell is placed into - CORRECT ANSWER >>> hypotonic solution Characteristics of epithelia include - CORRECT ANSWER >>> all of the above The following is a basic component used in the synthesis of a: **- CORRECT ANSWER ** polypeptide (protein)
An increase in the rate of a chemical reaction might be caused by: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> a slight increase in temperature, as with a fever An immovable joint is a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER >>> synarthrosis An important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is - CORRECT ANSWER >>> Vitamin D Each of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle, except **- CORRECT ANSWER
** lysosomes Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical stress. Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called **- CORRECT ANSWER ** osteoblasts Intercostal is to muscle as intervertebral disc is to: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> bursa A muscle of the anterior thigh that has its origin on the femur and insertion on the tibial tuberosity causes: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> extension of the leg Which pH is closest to normal blood pH? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> 7. The two components of the integumentary system are the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> cutaneous membrane and accessory structures
The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by **- CORRECT ANSWER
** oligodendrocytes Sutures can be found at all of the joints of an adult skull, except between - CORRECT ANSWER >>> mandible and cranium Which of the following best describes the term Z line? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> where thin filaments are anchored In general, the nervous system does each of the following, except **- CORRECT ANSWER ** direct long-term responses to change Graded potentials - CORRECT ANSWER >>> may be either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization Motor neurons whose cell bodies are within the spinal cord are called ________ neurons. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> lower motor The narrow space between the synaptic terminal and the muscle fiber is the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> synaptic cleft Differentiation of embryonic cells into osteoblasts, muscle cells, and other specialized cells occurs because: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> different genes are expressed in different cells which leads to synthesis of different proteins in the cytoplasm Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes - CORRECT ANSWER >>> both depolarization and increased positive charge inside the membrane.
** 7. The two components of the integumentary system are the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> cutaneous membrane and accessory structures The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by - CORRECT ANSWER >>> oligodendrocytes Sutures can be found at all of the joints of an adult skull, except between - CORRECT ANSWER >>> mandible and cranium Which of the following best describes the term Z line? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> where thin filaments are anchored In general, the nervous system does each of the following, except - CORRECT ANSWER >>> direct long-term responses to change Graded potentials - CORRECT ANSWER >>> may be either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization Motor neurons whose cell bodies are within the spinal cord are called ________ neurons. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> lower motor The narrow space between the synaptic terminal and the muscle fiber is the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> synaptic cleft Differentiation of embryonic cells into osteoblasts, muscle cells, and other specialized cells occurs because: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> different genes are expressed in different cells which leads to synthesis of different proteins in the cytoplasm Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes - CORRECT ANSWER >>> both depolarization and increased positive charge inside the membrane. The medullary cavity of bones contains - CORRECT ANSWER >>> marrow
The __________ filters and relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> thalamus In general, sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> b) short; long The ligaments that limit the anterior-posterior movement of the femur and maintain the alignment of the femur and tibia are the ________ ligaments. - CORRECT ANSWER >>> cruciate During contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> ATP is converted to ADP and inorganic phosphate The mandible - CORRECT ANSWER >>> b) supports the lower teeth. Fats are a good source of energy because: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> ß oxidation of fatty acids yields acetyl CoA which can enter the Krebs cycle A solution with pH = 5 would: - CORRECT ANSWER >>> have 1 x 10-5 moles of hydrogen ion per liter In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with - CORRECT ANSWER >>> water, causing decomposition Voltage-gated channels are present - CORRECT ANSWER >>> in the membrane that covers axons An example of an organic substance is - CORRECT ANSWER >>> sucrose
All of the following membrane transport mechanisms are passive processes, except - CORRECT ANSWER >>> vesicular transport Which plane divides the body into right and left parts? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> sagittal The flexor withdrawal reflex - CORRECT ANSWER >>> moves a limb away from a painful stimulus. Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the **- CORRECT ANSWER
** vagus nerves The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed - CORRECT ANSWER >>> homeostasis The molecule H2 is known as - CORRECT ANSWER >>> hydrogen Which ascending tracts carry the sensations for fine touch and vibration? **- CORRECT ANSWER ** b) fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brainstem? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> The triplet codes needed to specify a specific protein are found in the - CORRECT ANSWER >>> What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood? - CORRECT ANSWER >>> When calcium ion binds to troponin, - CORRECT ANSWER >>>
