Download Introduction to Cell Biology: Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cell Structure & Function and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
The Fundamental Units of life
all organisms are made of cells the cell is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive all cells are related by their descent from earlier cells cells can differ substantially from one another but share common features TERM 2
Microscopy
DEFINITION 2 microscopes are used to visualize cells in a light microscope visible light is passed through a specimen and then through glass lenses light microscopes can magnify 1000 times the size of the actual specimen TERM 3
3 important parameters of microscopy
DEFINITION 3 magnification- the ratio of an objects image size to its real size resolution- the minimum distance of 2 distinguishable points contrast - differences in brightness between parts of the sample TERM 4
scanning electron microscope
DEFINITION 4 focus a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen TERM 5
transmission electron microscope
DEFINITION 5 focus a beam of electrons through a specimen. Are mainly used to study the internal structure of cells
2 types of cells and Characteristics
Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus DNA is an unbound region called the nucleoid Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane Eukayrotic Cells have DNA in the nucleus Membrane- bound organelles Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than Prokaryotic cells TERM 7
Prokaryotic cells Domains
DEFINITION 7 Bacteria Archaea TERM 8
Eukaryotic Cells
DEFINITION 8 A eukaryote is any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other structures (organelles) enclosed within membranes. Protists Fungi Animals plants TERM 9
Comparing Prokaryotic and Eurkaryotic cells
DEFINITION 9 plasma membrane semifluid substance called cytosol chromosomes (carry genes) ribosomes (make proteins) TERM 10
plasma membrane
DEFINITION 10 is a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell
Functions of the Rough ER
has bound ribosomes which secrete glycoproteins (proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates) distributes transport vesicles, secretory proteins surrounded by membranes is a membrane factory for the cell TERM 17
Functions of the Smooth ER
DEFINITION 17 Synthesizes lipids metabolizes carbohydrates detoxifies drugs and poisons stores calcium ions TERM 18
Golgi Apparatus
DEFINITION 18 consists of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae modifies products of the ER Manufactures certain macromolecules sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles TERM 19
lysosomes
DEFINITION 19 membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules lysosomal enzymes work best in the acidic environment inside the lysosome hydrolytic enzymes and lysosomal membranes are made by rough ER and then transferred to the Golgi apparatus for further processing.
