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BIO 101 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
A substance moving across a membrane against a concentration gradient is moving by _________________. -- Answer โโ Active transport What do you predict will happen to active transport if the mitochondria is not working? -- Answer โโ Active transport will stop because the cell stops making ATP. Chemical bonds store energy that is converted to _______________ during cellular respiration? -- Answer โโ ATP Enzymes are ________________ that speed up chemical reactions. -- Answer โโ Proteins What molecule is broken down to make ATP in the process of cellular respiration? -- Answer โโ Glucose
Anaerobic respiration _______________________________. -- Answer โโ Does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor. How does global warming primarily reduce photosynthesis? -- Answer โโ Higher temperatures increase the levels of evaporation, which cause the stomata to close. Sugar beets plants start from tiny seeds and grow to be large plants. Where does the bulk of their mass come from? -- Answer โโ Carbon dioxide taken in from the surrounding air. What molecule is released as a by-product during the light-dependent reactions? -- Answer โโ Oxygen What role do sugar beets play in the carbon cycle? -- Answer โโ They remove carbon from the atmosphere and incorporate it into carbohydrates. What is a benign tumor? -- Answer โโ A mass of cells that remain in one area. What happens when a tumor becomes metastatic? -- Answer โโ Tumor cells break away to start a new tumor. How does the use of tobacco and alcohol affect the risk of esophageal cancer? Consult the graph. -- Answer โโ Esophageal cancer risk is three times as high for people who use both tobacco and alcohol.
What information is used to determine fertility rates in females and males? -- Answer โโ The length of time needed to become pregnant. What process produces new alleles? -- Answer โโ Mutation Why is a mammalian eye cell different from a tongue cell? -- Answer โโ Different combinations of the available genes are used. What is the correct sequence for the start of an organism's life cycle? -- Answer โโ 1. Meiosis, 2. Fertilization, 3. Zygote, 4. Embryo What type of inheritance results when the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between both homozygotes? -- Answer โโ Incomplete dominance What type of inheritance includes the AB blood type, in which both A and B alleles are expressed? -- Answer โโ Codominance What traits are influenced by more than one gene? -- Answer โโ Polygenic Besides polygenic inheritance, what factor may also affect skin color? -- Answer โโ Environment What conclusion may be made if a suspect's DNA profile doesn't match the DNA profile from a crime scene blood sample? -- Answer โโ The blood sample did not come from the suspect.
For what purpose is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used? -- Answer โโ To make many copies of a small amount of DNA. On what basis does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments? -- Answer โโ Fragment size Which description applies to typical quantitative traits? -- Answer โโ Such traits show continuous variation. What sequence of molecules are used during protein synthesis? -- Answer โโ 1. DNA,
- RNA, 3. Protein How are proteins changed to become recombinant proteins? -- Answer โโ By transfer of genetically modified bacteria. How would natural selection progress in lice no longer controlled by permethrin? -- Answer โโ Some lice are resistant to permethrin; permethrin is used to kill lice; lice resistant to permethrin become the most common type. Which example describes microevolution? -- Answer โโ Beetles evolved resistance to chemical pesticides. Which example shows non-evolutionary change in a population? -- Answer โโ The number of people diagnosed with colon cancer has increased.
Which situation is an example of diversifying selection? -- Answer โโ A moth population with white and gray forms lives on trees with light and dark bark. What would happen if a mutation created a new allele that decreased fitness? -- Answer โโ Individuals with the new allele would be less fit and have fewer offspring. Why haven't humans evolved a resistance to the common cold? -- Answer โโ Colds are not serious enough to remove nonresistant variants from the population. What is a gene pool? -- Answer โโ Total of alleles found in all individuals of a species. Which organisms would be the best mating pair to study interspecies mating? -- Answer โโ A leopard and a tiger. This does not reflect a direct negative impact of urbanization. -- Answer โโ Over- harvesting What prevents mules from producing offspring? -- Answer โโ Chromosomes cannot pair correctly during meiosis. How does polyploidy cause reproductive isolation? -- Answer โโ It alters the number of chromosomes in sex cells. Why are African Americans underrepresented in swimming competitions? -- Answer โโ Pools and beaches were off-limits to black swimmers for generations.
What conclusion results when alleles among different human groups are analyzed? -- Answer โโ No race-specific alleles and no consistent patterns of allele frequencies exist within racial groups. Where can you find the most genetically diverse populations of humans? -- Answer โโ Africa Many lines of evidence suggest that human populations aren't distinct races. Why are humans so similar even though adaptations to local conditions have occurred? -- Answer โโ Members of different populations mate with each other. Dr. Smith thinks he has discovered a new bird species. Why should Dr. Smith find more examples of this bird to convince Dr. Wilson? -- Answer โโ Dr. Smith's birds could be an unusual example of a bird species already identified. Which sequence lists classification groups in order from most broad to most specific? -- Answer โโ Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Species What possible harmful environmental effects are of concern regarding GM crops? -- Answer โโ The transfer of genetically modified genes to weedy relatives. What is a proposed explanation for a single observation? -- Answer โโ Hypothesis Research described that people with higher stress levels have more colds than people with lower stress levels. What is the most we can say about these results? -- Answer โโ High stress levels are correlated with an increased risk of colds.
Proteins are polypeptides made up of monomers called _________________. -- Answer โโ Amino acids The sleep and mood can be affected by consuming tryptophan-rich food. What foods may give you a sleepy mood based on the information presented in the following figure? -- Answer โโ There is not enough evidence to support the claim. Which of the following is not considered a macronutrient? -- Answer โโ Nucleic acids If a cell is like a house, ________________ are like rooms where specific jobs are performed. -- Answer โโ Organelles Which of the following requires ATP? -- Answer โโ Active transport
