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Bio |! 1001 |! Exam |! 1 |! with |! precise |! detailed |!
answers
Biology |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! study |! of |! life Life |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔quality |! that |! distinguishes |! vital, |! functioning |! beings |! from |! dead |! ones |! and |! inorganic |! compounds Living |! Organisms |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔composed |! of |! cells |! that |! have |! a |! complex, |! organized |! structure, |! maintain |! homeostasis, |! respond |! to |! stimuli, |! acquire |! and |! use |! materials |! and |! energy, |! grow, |! reproduce, |! collectively |! have |! one |! capacity |! to |! evolve Cell |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔smallest |! unit |! of |! life Homeostasis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔"to |! stay |! the |! same", |! enables |! organisms |! to |! cope |! with |! changes |! in |! their |! environment External |! Stimuli |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔light, |! sound, |! touch, |! chemicals, |! etc. Internal |! Stimuli |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔temperature, |! pain, |! chemicals, |! etc.
Nutrients |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔include |! minerals, |! oxygen, |! water, |! other |! chemical |! building |! blocks, |! they |! cycle Energy |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ability |! to |! do |! work |! (almost |! all |! life |! is |! sustained |! by |! it, |! originally |! provided |! by |! the |! sun), |! it |! flows Photosynthetic |! Organisms |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔capture |! energy |! and |! store |! it |! in |! energy |! rich |! molecules |! (sugar) Growth |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔conversion |! of |! materials |! acquired |! from |! the |! environment |! into |! molecules Reproduction |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔giving |! rise |! to |! offspring |! which |! allows |! for |! the |! continuation |! of |! life Evolution |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔occurs |! through |! the |! process |! of |! natural |! selection Natural |! Selection |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔process |! by |! which |! organisms |! with |! specific |! adaptations |! reproduce |! more |! successfully |! than |! others Mutation |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔mistakes |! in |! replication Domains |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔three |! major |! categories |! of |! life |! (Bacteria, |! Archaea, |! Eukarya)
Multicellular |! Organism |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔an |! individual |! living |! thing |! composed |! of |! many |! cells Population |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔members |! of |! the |! same |! species |! inhabiting |! the |! same |! area Species |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔very |! similar, |! potentially |! interbreeding |! organisms |! under |! natural |! conditions Community |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔two |! or |! more |! populations |! of |! different |! organisms |! living |! and |! interacting |! in |! the |! same |! area Ecosystem |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! community |! together |! with |! it's |! non-living |! surroundings Biosphere |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! part |! of |! Earth |! inhabited |! by |! living |! organisms; |! includes |! both |! living |! and |! non-living |! components Natural |! Causality |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔the |! scientific |! principle |! that |! natural |! events |! occur |! as |! a |! result |! of |! preceding |! natural |! causes Common |! Perception |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔allows |! us |! to |! accept |! other |! human |! observations |! as |! reliable Theory |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! general |! explanation |! of |! important |! natural |! phenomena |! developed |! by |! extensive |! and |! reproducible |! observations
Natural |! Laws |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Principles |! that |! govern |! nature Scientific |! Method |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔consists |! of |! 6 |! interrelated |! elements: |! observation, |! question, |! hypothesis, |! prediction, |! experiment, |! and |! conclusion Experiments |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔carefully |! controlled |! manipulations Variable |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔cause |! of |! a |! specific |! observation Control |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔portion |! of |! an |! experiment |! in |! which |! all |! variables |! are |! held |! constant Scientific |! Theory |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔general |! explanation |! of |! natural |! phenomena |! developed |! through |! extensive |! and |! reproducible |! observations |! (more |! general |! and |! reliable |! than |! a |! hypothesis) Inductive |! Reasoning |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔process |! of |! creating |! a |! generalization |! as |! a |! result |! of |! making |! many |! observations |! that |! support |! it, |! and |! none |! that |! contradict |! it Deductive |! Reasoning |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔process |! of |! generating |! hypotheses |! about |! how |! a |! specific |! experiment |! or |! observation |! will |! turn |! out, |! based |! on |! a |! well-supported |! generalization |! such |! as |! a |! scientific |! theory
Biodiversity |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔total |! number |! of |! species |! within |! a |! given |! region Binomial |! System |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔system |! biologists |! use |! to |! name |! species Element |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔substance |! that |! can |! neither |! be |! separated |! into |! simpler |! substances, |! nor |! converted |! into |! other |! substances |! by |! ordinary |! chemical |! means Atomic |! Nucleus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔contains |! two |! types |! of |! subatomic |! particles |! (protons |! and |! neutrons) Protons |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔positively |! charged Neutrons |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔uncharged Electrons |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔orbiting, |! negatively |! charged, |! lighter |! particles Atomic |! Number |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔defining |! characteristic |! of |! each |! element Atomic |! Mass |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔total |! mass |! of |! protons, |! neutrons, |! and |! electrons
Isotope |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔atoms |! of |! the |! same |! element |! that |! have |! different |! numbers |! of |! neutrons Radioactive |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔spontaneously |! breaking |! apart, |! forming |! different |! atoms |! and |! releasing |! energy |! in |! the |! process Electron |! Shell |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔an |! energy |! level |! representing |! the |! distance |! of |! an |! electron |! from |! the |! nucleus |! of |! an |! atom Chemical |! Bond |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔attraction |! between |! two |! atoms |! or |! molecules |! to |! hold |! them |! together |! (covalent, |! ionic, |! hydrogen) Compound |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔substance |! whose |! molecules |! are |! formed |! of |! different |! types |! of |! atoms Free |! Radical |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔molecule |! that |! has |! an |! atom |! with |! one |! or |! more |! unpaired |! electrons |! in |! its |! outer |! shell Antioxidant |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔any |! molecule |! that |! reacts |! with |! free |! radicals, |! neutralizing |! their |! ability |! to |! damage |! biological |! molecules |! (ex. |! Vitamin |! C |! and |! E) Chemical |! Reaction |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔process |! by |! which |! new |! chemical |! bonds |! are |! formed |! or |! existing |! bonds |! are |! broken, |! converting |! one |! substance |! into |! another
Adhesion |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔tendency |! to |! stick |! to |! surfaces |! having |! slight |! charges |! that |! attract |! the |! polar |! water |! molecules Solvent |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔substance |! that |! dissolves |! other |! substances Dissolve |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔completely |! surround |! or |! disperse Solution |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔solvent |! containing |! one |! or |! more |! dissolved |! substances Hydrophilic |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔attracted |! to |! water Hydrophobic |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔afraid |! of |! water Hydrophobic |! Interaction |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔tendency |! of |! oil |! molecules |! to |! clump |! together |! in |! water Acidic |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! pH |! below |! 7, |! contains |! more |! H+ |! ions |! than |! hydroxide |! ions |! (OH-) Basic |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! pH |! greater |! than |! 7, |! contains |! less |! H+ |! ions |! than |! hydroxide |! ions |! (OH-) Acid |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔substance |! that |! releases |! hydrogen |! ions |! when |! it |! dissolves |! in |! water
Base |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔substance |! that |! combines |! with |! hydrogen |! ions, |! reducing |! their |! number pH |! scale |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔expresses |! the |! degree |! of |! acidity, |! in |! which |! neutrality |! is |! indicated |! by |! the |! number |! 7 Buffer |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔compound |! that |! tends |! to |! maintain |! a |! solution |! at |! a |! constant |! pH |! by |! accepting |! or |! releasing |! H+ |! in |! response |! to |! small |! changes |! in |! H+ |! concentration Specific |! Heat |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔energy |! required |! to |! heat |! 1 |! gram |! of |! a |! substance |! by |! 1 ºC Heat |! of |! Vaporization |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔amount |! of |! heat |! needed |! to |! cause |! a |! substance |! to |! evaporate Evaporate |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔to |! change |! from |! a |! liquid |! to |! a |! vapor Organic |! Molecule |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔molecule |! that |! has |! a |! carbon |! skeleton |! bonded |! to |! some |! hydrogen |! atoms Inorganic |! Molecule |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔includes |! carbon |! dioxide |! and |! all |! molecules |! without |! carbon
Phosphate |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔acidic; |! links |! nucleotides |! in |! nucleic |! acids; |! energy-carrier |! group |! in |! ATP |! (ex. |! nucleic |! acids, |! phospholipids) Dehydration |! Synthesis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔chemical |! reaction |! formed |! by |! removing |! water Hydrolysis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔chemical |! reaction |! that |! breaks |! apart |! with |! water |! (splits |! molecule |! back |! into |! original |! subunits) Carbohydrate |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔composed |! of |! carbon, |! hydrogen, |! and |! oxygen |! in |! 1:2:1 |! ration Monosaccharide |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔carbohydrate |! consisting |! of |! just |! one |! sugar |! molecule Disaccharide |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔two |! monosaccharides |! bonded |! together Polysaccharide |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔chain |! of |! monosaccharides Lipid |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔diverse |! group |! of |! molecules |! that |! contain |! regions |! composed |! almost |! entirely |! of |! hydrogen |! and |! carbon, |! with |! non-polar |! carbon- carbon |! and |! carbon-hydrogen |! bonds Protein |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔consists |! of |! one |! or |! more |! chains |! of |! amino |! acids; |! may |! have |! up |! to |! four |! levels |! of |! structure |! that |! determine |! its |! function
Nucleotide |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔consists |! of |! sugar, |! a |! base, |! and |! a |! phosphate |! group Nucleic |! Acid |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔long |! chains |! of |! nucleotides |! forming |! polymers Glucose |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! simple |! sugar Sucrose |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔glucose |! plus |! fructose, |! used |! as |! an |! energy |! storage |! molecule Lactose |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔glucose |! plus |! galactose Maltose |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔glucose |! plus |! glucose Glycogen |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! polysaccharide |! stored |! in |! animals; |! the |! storage |! form |! of |! glucose |! in |! animals Cellulose |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! substance |! (made |! of |! sugars) |! that |! is |! common |! in |! the |! cell |! walls |! of |! many |! organisms Chitin |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔polysaccharide |! in |! which |! the |! glucose |! subunits |! bear |! a |! nitrogen-containing |! functional |! group
Disulfide |! Bond |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔chemical-based |! side |! bonds |! that |! are |! formed |! when |! two |! sulfur-type |! chains |! are |! joined |! together Peptide |! Bond |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔chemical |! bond |! that |! forms |! between |! the |! carboxyl |! group |! of |! one |! amino |! acid |! and |! the |! amino |! group |! of |! another |! amino |! acid Peptide |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔resulting |! chain |! of |! two |! amino |! acids Primary |! Structure |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔sequence |! of |! amino |! acids |! that |! make |! up |! the |! protein Secondary |! Structure |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔second |! level |! of |! a |! protein |! structure Helix |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔coiled, |! spring-like |! secondary |! structure Pleated |! Sheet |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔folded |! arrangement |! of |! a |! polypeptide |! in |! a |! protein's |! secondary |! structure Tertiary |! Structure |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔consists |! of |! folds |! determined |! by |! interactions |! of |! amino |! acid |! functional |! groups |! with |! one |! another |! and |! with |! their |! surroundings Quaternary |! Structure |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔fourth |! level |! of |! protein |! organization, |! occurs |! in |! certain |! proteins |! that |! contain |! individual |!
polypeptides |! linked |! by |! hydrogen |! bonds, |! disulfide |! bonds, |! or |! by |! attractions |! between |! oppositely |! charged |! portions |! of |! different |! amino |! acids Denatured |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔secondary, |! tertiary, |! or |! quaternary |! structures |! are |! altered |! while |! leaving |! primary |! structure |! intact Adenosine |! Triphosphate |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔ribose |! nucleotide |! with |! three |! phosphate |! functional |! groups Ribonucleic |! Acid |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔single-stranded |! chains |! of |! ribose |! nucleotides |! copied |! from |! DNA, |! direct |! synthesis |! of |! proteins Cytoplasmic |! Fluid |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔fluid |! portion |! of |! cytoplasm |! in |! both |! prokaryotic |! and |! eukaryotic |! cells; |! contains |! water, |! salts, |! and |! an |! assortment |! of |! organic |! molecules Cell |! Wall |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔support |! and |! protect |! delicate |! plasma |! membrane Organelle |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔membrane-enclosed |! structure Cytoskeleton |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔network |! of |! protein |! fibers, |! gives |! shape |! and |! organization |! to |! the |! cytoplasm |! of |! eukaryotic |! cells Microfilaments |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔long, |! thin |! fibers |! that |! function |! in |! the |! movement |! and |! support |! of |! the |! cell
Chromatin |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔DNA |! and |! protein |! that |! makes |! up |! chromosomes Chromosomes |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔bodies |! within |! the |! nucleus |! made |! in |! DNA |! and |! proteins |! called |! the |! histones Ribosome |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔small |! particle |! composed |! of |! ribosomal |! RNA |! and |! proteins |! that |! serves |! as |! a |! workbench |! for |! synthesis |! of |! proteins |! within |! the |! cytoplasm Smooth |! Endoplasmic |! Reticulum |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔an |! endomembrane |! system |! where |! lipids |! are |! synthesized, |! calcium |! levels |! are |! regulated, |! and |! toxic |! substances |! are |! broken |! down Rough |! Endoplasmic |! Reticulum |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔an |! endomembrane |! system |! covered |! with |! ribosomes |! where |! many |! proteins |! for |! transport |! are |! assembled Golgi |! Apparatus |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔specialized |! set |! of |! membranes |! derived |! from |! the |! ER; |! modifies, |! sorts, |! and |! packages |! proteins |! produced |! by |! the |! rough |! ER Lysosome |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔an |! organelle |! containing |! digestive |! enzymes
Food |! Vacuole |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔a |! small |! cavity |! in |! the |! cytoplasm |! that |! temporarily |! stores |! food Vacuole |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔sac |! of |! cell |! membrane |! filled |! with |! fluid |! containing |! various |! molecules Contractile |! Vacuole |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔cavity |! in |! the |! cytoplasm |! of |! some |! protists |! that |! collects |! water |! and |! discharges |! it |! from |! the |! cell Endosymbiont |! Hypothesis |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔chloroplasts |! and |! mitochondria |! were |! once |! prokaryotic |! cells |! absorbed |! by |! larger |! cells Mitochondria |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔extract |! energy |! from |! food |! molecules |! and |! store |! it |! in |! high-energy |! bonds |! of |! ATP Anaerobic |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔process |! that |! does |! not |! require |! oxygen Aerobic |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔process |! that |! requires |! oxygen Chloroplast |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔specialized |! organelle |! found |! in |! plant |! and |! algae |! cells |! where |! photosynthesis |! occurs Chlorophyll |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔green |! pigment |! necessary |! for |! photosynthesis
