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Hard Drive Standards November 15 (Day); October 31 (Night)
Basic Hard Drive Terminology (p. 209):
o ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) :
Umbrella term that includes IDE or EIDE
o ATAPI (ATA Programmable Interface) :
Allowed for the use of devices other than hard drives
o EIDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics) :
A term that covers ATA-2 through ATA-5 standards
Used in 95% of all computers (p. 208) Support up to four ATA devices (CD-ROM, Hard Drives, etc.)
o IDE :
A term that refers to ATA-1 standard Uses same cable as EIDE, but much slower Supports a maximum of two hard drives
EIDE Cables (p. 210):
o EIDE controllers can support two EIDE drives. Therefore, EIDE cables have three connections: one for each drive and one for the motherboard.
o There are two types of EIDE cables: older 40-wire version and newer 80-wire
versions. Both types only have 40-pins. The 80-wire cable has 40 extra wires to reduce interference. 80-wire ribbon cable (TOP); 40-wire ribbon cable (BOTTOM) Notice that both connectors have only 40 pins. Notice that the wires on the 80-wire cable are narrower.
Master / Slave (p. 210):
o Remember from an earlier lecture that all hard drives have their own onboard controllers. o When two hard drives share a single ribbon cable, you have to configure one device to handle control for both devices. This is done by moving jumpers on the back of the drive. The jumper settings are typically clearly marked on the drive.
The master is the device that is in control.
The slave is the drive that is not in control.
The single-drive configuration is for a drive without a slave present.
The cable-select configuration is an alternative to the master or slave
configuration. It requires a special cable-select cable. The position on the cable determines which drive will be the master and which will be the slave. ATA Speed Ratings: o ATA Speed Ratings measure how fast the hard drive is capable of transferring data to the rest of the system, expressed in MBps (p. 209). o The standard speeds are 33, 66, 100, and 133 MBps and the common terms for these speeds are ATA33, ATA66, ATA100, and ATA133 (p. 209). o Nearly all motherboards come with two EIDE controllers. One controller is the primary controller (marked IDE0) and the secondary controller (marked IDE1) (p. 211). o On modern systems, the IDE0 controller works at ATA66 or better and IDE1 works at the older ATA33 speed (p. 211). o ATA33 uses a 40-wire cable. ATA66 and faster use 80-wire cables (p. 211).
o 80-wire cables have color-coded connectors. The colored connector (usually blue,
sometimes red) attaches to the controller on the motherboard. The black connector attaches to the master (or single) drive. The gray connector attaches to the slave drive (p. 211).
Serial ATA (SATA): o SATA is the successor to the original ATA standard and will eventually replace it. The original ATA standard has retroactively been renamed Parallel ATA (PATA). o Improvements over the old PATA standard: Thinner cables for better cooling A 7-pin SATA connector Hot-swapping Better data integrity checks Faster transfers o Data Transfer Rates: SATA 150 – 150 MB/sec SATA 300 – 300 MB /sec o Power Connector: Most SATA devices (although some still maintain compatibility with the Molex connector) require a new 15-pin connector. If you are still using a traditional power supply, it requires a Molex adapter. A 15-pin SATA power connector
