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GUIDE; FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS LATEST
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Furosemide is a potent diuretic used to provide rapid diuresis; it acts in the loop of Henle and causes depletion of electrolytes, such as potassium and sodium. Furosemide inhibits the reabsorption, not retention, of sodium. Furosemide does not affect protein metabolism. With edema, the specific gravity of the fluid more likely will be low. Test-Taking Tip: Pace yourself when taking practice quizzes. Because most nursing exams have specified time limits, you should pace yourself during the practice testing period accordingly. It is helpful to estimate the time that can be spent on each item and still complete the examination in the allotted time. You can obtain this figure by dividing the testing time by the number of items on the test. For example, a 1 - hour (60-minute) testing period with 50 items averages 1.2 minutes per question. The NCLEX exam is not a timed test. Both the number of questions and the time to complete the test varies according to each candidate's performance. However, if the test taker uses the maximum of 5 hours to answer the maximum of 265 questions, each question equals 1.3 minutes. 80% of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
A client is receiving furosemide (Lasix) to relieve edema. The nurse should monitor
the client for which response to the medication?
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A routine urinalysis is prescribed for a client. What should the nurse do if the
specimen cannot be sent immediately to the laboratory?
Confidence: Pretty sure 1 140407851 Increase in the urine specific gravity Excessive loss of potassium ions Correct 3 Negative nitrogen balance Retention of sodium ions
GUIDE; FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS LATEST
UPDATED 2023
Refrigeration retards the growth of bacteria and may preserve the specimen for several hours. Growth of bacteria will alter the pH and the glucose and protein levels in the urine; it must be refrigerated to retard growth. Discarding the specimen and collecting another specimen later represents an unnecessary waste of time, effort, and money. Test-Taking Tip: Being emotionally prepared for an examination is key to your success. Proper use of this text over an extended period of time ensures your understanding of the mechanics of the examination and increases your confidence about your nursing knowledge. Your lifelong dream of becoming a nurse is now within your reach! You are excited, yet anxious. This feeling is normal. A little anxiety can be good because it increases awareness of reality; but excessive anxiety has the opposite effect, acting as a barrier and keeping you from reaching your goal. Your attitude about yourself and your goals will help keep you focused, adding to your strength and inner conviction to achieve success. 83% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. Correct 3
Store it in the dirty utility room and send it later. 4 Discard the specimen and collect another specimen later. View Topics Stats Issue with this question?
A nurse is notified that the latest potassium level for a client in acute renal failure is
6.2 mEq. What action should the nurse take?
Alert the cardiac arrest team 2 Call the laboratory to repeat the test Take vital signs and notify the primary health care provider 4 Obtain an ECG strip and obtain an antiarrhythmic medication Confidence: Nailed it 1 140350078 Refrigerate the specimen. Correct 2 Take no special action.
GUIDE; FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS LATEST
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Decreased glomerular filtration leads to hyperkalemia, which may cause lethal dysrhythmias such as cardiac arrest. Anemia may occur, but is not the most serious complication and should be treated in relation to the client's clinical manifestation; erythropoietin and iron supplements usually are used. Weight loss alone is not life threatening. Platelet dysfunction may occur because of decreased cell surface adhesiveness, but it is not as life threatening as hyperkalemia. 79% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. Pain Correct 1 Sharp, severe pain (renal colic) radiating toward the genitalia and thigh is caused by ureteral distention and smooth muscle spasm; relief from pain is the priority. Although the client is overweight and weight loss is desirable, it is a long-term goal. Although hematuria needs to be monitored, blood loss usually is not massive with ureteral colic. Mild hypertension is not the priority when a client is in severe pain.
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An obese client who is mildly hypertensive is hospitalized with a diagnosis of
ureteral colic and hematuria. What is the immediate focus of nursing care for this
client?
Weight 3 Hematuria 4 Hypertension Confidence: Nailed it 1 140370911 Platelet dysfunction Hyperkalemia Correct 3 Weight loss Anemia
GUIDE; FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS LATEST
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The causative organism should be isolated before starting antibiotic therapy. Catheterization is not a routine intervention for urethritis. Although client teaching is important, it is not the priority at this time. A 24-hour urine test will not determine the infective organism causing the problem. Test-Taking Tip: Practicing a few relaxation techniques may prove helpful on the day of an examination. Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, imagery, head rolling, shoulder shrugging, rotating and stretching of the neck, leg lifts, and heel lifts with feet flat on the floor can effectively reduce tension while causing little or no distraction to those around you. It is recommended that you practice one or two of these techniques intermittently to avoid becoming tense. The more anxious and tense you become, the longer it will take you to relax. 72% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. View Topics 1
A client in a nursing home is diagnosed with urethritis. What should the nurse plan
to do before initiating antibiotic therapy prescribed by the health care provider?
Start a 24 - hour urine collection. Correct 4 Obtain a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity. View Topics Stats Issue with this question?
A client with Type I Diabetes complains of hunger, thirst, tiredness, and frequent
urination. Based on these findings, the nurse should take what action?
Confidence: Nailed it 1 130045972 Teach the client how to perform perineal care. Incorrect 2 Prepare for urinary catheterization. 68% of students nationwide answered this question correctly.
GUIDE; FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS LATEST
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86% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. Because the female's urethra is closer to the anus than the male's, it is at greater risk for becoming contaminated. Urinary pH is within the same range in both males and females. Hormonal secretions have no effect on the development of bladder infections. The position of the bladder is the same in males and females. 81% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. View Topics Stats Issue with this question?
A nurse is counseling a woman who had recurrent urinary tract infections. What
factor should the nurse explain is the reason why women are at a greater risk than
men for contracting a urinary tract infection?
Juxtaposition of the bladder Correct 4 Proximity of the urethra to the anus View Topics Stats Issue with this question?
A client has undergone surgery with general anesthesia. Within how many hours
after surgery should the nurse notify the health care provider if the client does not
void?
Confidence: Nailed it 1 140389927 Hormonal secretions Incorrect 2 Altered urinary pH Confidence: Pretty sure 1 140407846 Test-Taking Tip: After you have eliminated one or more choices, you may discover that two of the options are very similar. This can be very helpful, because it may mean that one of these look-alike answers is the best choice and the other is a very good distractor. Test both of these options against the stem. Ask yourself which one completes the incomplete statement grammatically and which one answers the question more fully and completely. The option that best completes or answers the stem is the one you should choose. Here, too, pause for a few seconds, give your brain time to reflect, and recall may occur.
GUIDE; FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS LATEST
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Decreased bladder muscle tone results from the depressant effects of anesthesia and the handling of tissues and adjacent organs during surgery. Catheterization may be necessary to prevent overdistention of the bladder. Four hours may be too early to expect recovery from the depressant effects of anesthesia. Twelve and 16 hours are too long to wait to call the health care provider. This length of time without voiding may result in overdistention of the bladder. 68% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. Checking the patency of the catheter ensures drainage and prevents bladder distention and other complications. Patency of the catheter should be established before any other intervention. Milking the tubing gently is premature; this may be necessary if the catheter is clogged and usually is required when the drainage is viscous rather than liquid. Assessment is necessary before consultation with the health care provider. Irrigation is avoided if possible because of the associated risk for infection. Correct 2 8 hours 3 12 hours 4 16 hours View Topics Stats Issue with this question?
A client with a urinary retention catheter reports discomfort in the bladder and
urethra. What should the nurse do first?
Milk the tubing gently. 2 Notify the health care provider. Correct 3 Check the patency of the catheter. Irrigate the catheter with prescribed solutions. Incorrect 4 Confidence: Nailed it 1 140407856 4 hours Incorrect 1
GUIDE; FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS LATEST
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Hypercalcemia Incorrect 4 Damaged kidneys are unable to excrete potassium, resulting in hyperkalemia. Potassium, part of the sodium-potassium pump, is involved with muscle contraction. The clinical manifestations indicate hyperkalemia. The expected serum level of potassium is 3.5 to 5. mEq/L. Hyponatremia generally is not associated with acute renal failure; hyponatremia is associated with headache, muscle weakness, apathy, and abdominal cramps, not with an irregular pulse or diarrhea. The expected serum level of sodium is 136 to 145 mEq/L. With acute kidney failure the serum sodium may be normal, increased, or decreased. Hypouricemia will not occur, because serum uric acid is increased in clients with kidney
A client is admitted to a medical unit with the diagnosis of acute kidney failure. The
nurse reviews the client's laboratory data, performs a physical assessment, and
obtains the client's vital signs. What should the nurse conclude the client
is most likely experiencing?
Correct 1 Hyperkalemia 2 Hyponatremia 3 Hypouricemia
GUIDE; FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS LATEST
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Pemphigus is primarily a serious disease characterized by blisters filled with fluid. When they are less than 1 cm in diameter, they are called vesicles. When they are larger than 1 cm, they are called bullae. Pemphigus is a disease of the skin. It does not cause paralysis, infertility, or impaired digestion. 84% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. 1
A nurse is caring for a client with the diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris.
Which expected response does the nurse need to address in the
client's plan of care?
1 2 4 View Topics
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Issue with this question?
A client is in a state of uncompensated acidosis. What approximate
arterial blood pH does the nurse expect the client to have?
Confidence: Nailed it
1 130037921 Impaired digestion Skin lesions Correct 3 Infertility Paralysis failure. Hypercalcemia is not associated with the assessment data listed in the scenario. The expected serum calcium level is 9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL. The serum calcium level with acute kidney failure may be slightly decreased.
GUIDE; FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS LATEST
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These drugs must be taken continuously to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ. The danger of rejection always exists. The client must take the medications longer than after the surgery or until the anastomosis heals or during the intraoperative period. Test-Taking Tip: Be alert for grammatical inconsistencies. If the response is intended to complete the stem (an incomplete sentence) but makes no grammatical sense to you, it might be a distractor rather than the correct response. Question writers typically try to eliminate these inconsistencies. 80% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. Cellular debris, white blood cells, bacteria, and pus can cause the urine to become cloudy. Dark, smoky urine usually suggests hematuria. Orange- amber color of urine may indicate concentrated urine; also, it can be caused by phenazopyridine (Pyridium) or foods such as beets. Yellow-brown to olive green color of urine indicates excessive bilirubin. 82% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. 4 View Topics
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Issue with this question?
A nurse is assessing the urine of a client with a urinary tract infection.
What appearance should the nurse expect this client's urine to have?
1 3 Orange-amber 4 Yellow-brown Cloudy Correct 2 Smoky
Confidence: Nailed it
1 140389963 During the intraoperative period." Until the anastomosis heals."
GUIDE; FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS LATEST
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Urgency or frequency of urination Correct 1 Urgency or frequency of urination occur with a urinary tract infection because of bladder irritability; burning on urination and fever are additional signs of a UTI. The inability to maintain an erection is not related to a UTI. Pain radiating to the external genitalia is a symptom of a urinary calculus, not infection. An increase in alkalinity or acidity of urine is not a sign of a UTI; this may be caused by altering the diet to include foods that form acid ash or alkaline ash. 81% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. View Topics
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Issue with this question?
The nurse provides discharge instructions to a male client that had a
ureterolithotomy. The client has a history of recurrent urinary tract
infections (UTIs). The teaching should include that indicators of a UTI
are:
2 The inability to maintain an erection 3 Pain radiating to the external genitalia 4 An increase in the alkalinity of the urine View Topics
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Issue with this question?
A client with a detached retina is scheduled for surgery to reattach the
retina. What should the nurse address in the preoperative teaching
plan about the procedure used with this surgery?
Confidence: Just a guess
1 140373267
Confidence: Nailed it
1 140350045
GUIDE; FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS LATEST
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82% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. Sublingual medication is placed under the tongue and it is quickly absorbed through the mucous membranes into blood. Buccal route requires placing medication between the cheek and gums. Chewing and then swallowing may be done for oral administration of some large size pills but not with the sublingual route of administration. Taking the pill with water is required with the PO route of administration of medication but not with sublingual. In addition a full glass of water may be an excessive amount of fluid to swallow one pill. Test-Taking Tip: Survey the test before you start answering the questions. Plan how to complete the exam in the time allowed. Read the directions carefully and answer the questions you know for sure first. 92% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. View Topics
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Issue with this question?
A client has an order for a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet. The nurse
should teach the client to use what technique when self-administering
this medication?
1 3 Chew the pill thoroughly and then swallow it. 4 Swallow the pill with a full glass of water. Place the pill under your tongue and let it dissolve Correct 2 Place the pill inside your cheek and let it dissolve.
Confidence: Nailed it
1 130046854 urine flow. Inertia refers to a property of matter. Osmosis refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane; it is not responsible for the flow of urine through a catheter. Diffusion refers to the passage of molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
GUIDE; FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS LATEST
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Issue with this question?
A client is scheduled to have an indwelling urinary catheter inserted
before abdominal surgery. The nurse should insert the catheter in what
location in the illustration?
1 3 c 4 d b Correct 2 a
Confidence: Nailed it
1 140381372
GUIDE; FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS LATEST
UPDATED 2023
80% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. Furosemide acts in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney. Thiazides act in the distal tubule in the kidney. Potassium-sparing diuretics act in the collecting duct in the kidney. Plasma expanders and xanthines act in the glomerulus of the nephron in the kidney. 70% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. View Topics 1
health care provider prescribes furosemide (Lasix) for a client with hypervolemia.
The nurse recalls that furosemide exerts its effects in what part of the renal system?
Glomerulus of the nephron Correct 4 Loop of Henle View Topics Stats Issue with this question?
Twenty-four hours after a penile implant the client's scrotum is edematous and
painful. The nurse should:
Assist the client with a sitz bath Incorrect 2 Confidence: Pretty sure 1 140350019 Collecting duct Incorrect 2 Distal tubule 2000 mL of urine per 24 hours is inadequate; urine output should be maintained at 3000 to 4000 mL to limit calculus formation.
GUIDE; FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS LATEST
UPDATED 2023
Elevating the scrotum using a soft support increases lymphatic drainage, reducing edema and pain. Assisting the client with a sitz bath and applying warm soaks to the scrotum increase circulation to the area, intensifying edema and pain in this client. Preparing for an incision and drainage procedure is not indicated; scrotal swelling is caused by the trauma of surgery, not infection. Correct 1 Fluoride, or fluorine, is an element necessary for good dental health that helps to harden tooth enamel and decrease dental caries. Natural food sources may not be adequate; therefore fluoride is added to drinking water to help meet the recommended daily requirements_._ Growth and development, hearing, and night vision are not direct influences of fluorine intake. STUDY TIP: Enhance your organizational skills by developing a checklist and creating ways to improve your ability to retain information, such as using index cards with essential data, which are easy to carry and review whenever you have a spare moment. 87% of students nationwide answered this question correctly. Correct 3 Elevate the scrotum using a soft support 4 Prepare for an incision and drainage procedure 1
A nurse is teaching a community group about the basics of nutrition. A participant
questions why fluoride is added to drinking water. The nurse should respond that it
is a necessary element added to drinking water to promote:
Dental health. 2 Growth and development. 3 Improved hearing. 4 Night vision. Apply warm soaks to the scrotum
