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APHY | 201 |Exam | 1 |questions |with |answers
Physiology |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔how |things |work Pathophysiology |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔how |something |goes | wrong List |of |body |organization |from |Biggest |to |Smallest |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔Organ |system Organ Tissues Cells Organelles Atoms 4 |major |cell/tissue |types |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔muscle, |neuron, | epithelial, |connective Muscle |tissue |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔comprising |smooth, |cardiac, | and |skeletal |muscle; |can |be |under |voluntary |or |involuntary |control
Neuron |tissue |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔cell |in |nervous |system | specialized |to |initiate, |integrate, |and |conduct |electrical |signals Epithelial |tissue |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔cell |at |surface |of |body |or | hollow |organ; |specialized |to |secrete |or |absorb |ions |and |organic | molecules; |with |other |epithelial |cells Connective |tissue |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔major |component |of | extracellular |matrices, |cartilage, |and |bone Intracellular |fluid |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔fluids |inside |of |cells Extracellular |fluid |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Made |up |of |blood | plasma |and |interstitial |fluid Blood |plasma |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Liquid |portion |of |blood Interstitial |fluid |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Fluid |between |and |around | cells Homeostasis |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔relatively |stable |condition |of | internal |environment |that |results |from |regulatory |system |actions
Proton |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Positive |charge Neutron |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Neutral |charge Electron |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Negative |charge Atomic |nucleus |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Area |of |protons |and | neutrons |in |the |center |of |an |atom Ion |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔atom |or |small |molecule |containing | unequal |number |of |electrons |and |protons |and |therefore |carrying |a | net |positive |or |negative |electrical |charge 4 |major |elements |in |the |human |body |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔Hydrogen, |Oxygen, |Carbon |and |Nitrogen Molecule |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔chemical |substance |formed |by | linking |atoms |together Covalent |bond |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔chemical |bond |between | two |atoms |in |which |each |atom |shares |one |of |its |electrons |with |the | other
Polar |covalent |bond |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔covalent |bond |in | which |two |electrons |are |shared |unequally |between |two |atoms |of | different |electronegativities; |atom |to |which |the |electrons |are |drawn | becomes |slightly |negative, |while |other |atom |becomes |slightly | positive; |also |called |polar |bond Polar |molecule |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔pertaining |to |molecule |or | region |of |molecule |containing |polar |covalent |bonds |or |ionized | groups; |part |of |molecule |to |which |electrons |are |drawn |becomes | slightly |negative, |and |region |from |which |electrons |are |drawn | becomes |slightly |positive; |molecule |is |soluble |in |water Nonpolar |covalent |bond |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔a |bond |between | two |atoms |of |similar |electronegativities Nonpolar |molecule |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔any |molecule |with | characteristics |that |favor |solubility |in |oil |and |not |so |much |in |water Ionic |bond |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔strong |electrical |attraction | between |two |oppositely |charged |ions Hydrogen |bond |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔weak |chemical |bond | between |two |molecules |or |parts |of |the |same |molecule |in |which | negative |region |of |one |polarized |substance |is |electrostatically |
Amphipathic |molecules |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔a |molecule | containing |polar |groups |at |one |end |and |nonpolar |groups |at |the | other Cytoplasm |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔region |of |cell |interior |outside | the |nucleus |(includes |organelles) Cytosol |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔intracellular |fluid |that |surrounds | cell |organelles |and |nucleus |(excludes |organelles) Integral |membrane |protein |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔protein | embedded |in |membrane |lipid |layer; |may |span |entire |membrane |or | be |located |at |only |one |side Transmembrane |protein |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔a |protein |that | spans |the |plasma |membrane |and |contains |both |hydrophilic |and | hydrophobic |regions Peripheral |membrane |protein |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔hydrophilic | proteins |associated |with |cytoplasmic |surface |of |cell |membrane Desmosome |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔
Tight |junction |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔cell |junction |in |which | extracellular |surfaces |of |the |plasma |membrane |of |two |adjacent |cells |are |joined |together Gap |junction |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔protein |channels |linking | cytosol |of |adjacent |cells Ribosome |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔cytoplasmic |particle |that | mediates |linking |together |of |amino |acids |to |form |proteins Endoplasmic |reticulum |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔cell |organelle |that | consists |of |interconnected |network |of |membrane-bound |branched | tubules |and |flattened |sacs; |two |types |are |distinguished: |rough, | with |ribosomes |attached, |and |smooth, |which |is |smooth-surfaced | (does |not |contain |ribosomes) Golgi |apparatus |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔processes |newly | synthesized |proteins |for |secretion |or |distribution |to |other |organelles Transcription |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔formation |of |RNA | containing, |in |linear |sequence |of |its |nucleotides, |the |genetic | information |of |a |specific |gene; |first |stage |of |protein |synthesis
Affinity |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔strength |with |which |ligand |binds |to |its |binding |site Glycolysis |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Happens |in |the |cytocol Krebs |Cycle |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Happens |in |the |mitochondrial | matrix Oxidative |phosphorylation |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Happens |in |the | mitochondrial |membrane Diffusion |equilibrium |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔state |during |which | diffusion |fluxes |in |opposite |directions |are |equal facilitated |diffusion |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔system |using |a | transporter |to |move |molecules |from |high |to |low |concentration | across |a |membrane; |energy |not |required secondary |active |transport |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔secondary | active |transport |- |active |transport |in |which |energy |released |during | transmembrane |movement |of |one |substance |from |higher |to |lower | concentration |is |transferred |to |the |simultaneous |movement |of | another |substance |from |lower |to |higher |concentration
Primary |active |transport |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔active |transport | in |which |chemical |energy |is |transferred |directly |from |ATP |to | transporter |protein Sodium-potassium |ion |transport |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ 3 |sodium | to | 2 |potassium aquaporin |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔protein |membrane |channel | through |which |water |can |diffuse molarity |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔the |number |of |moles |of |solute | per |liter |of |solution M= |moles |of |solute/L
