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APHY 101 Ivy Tech Exam 1 Midterm
Questions and Answers (100% verified)
Signs of aging at the cellular level are: - ANSWER impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts. The elbow is distal to the wrist. - ANSWER False The ears are lateral to the eyes. - ANSWER True Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity? - ANSWER Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by - ANSWER AB → A + B. A parietal layer of a serous membrane , whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane. - ANSWER lines cavities; covers organs The three major parts of a cell are - ANSWER the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum does not. - ANSWER False In negative feedback mechanisms changes away from the normal state - ANSWER stimulate changes in the opposite direction. Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because - ANSWER all of the above. Consider the following list of commonly found items and their pH values: Which of the choices includes all acids? - ANSWER Vinegar, grapes, tomatoes, and coffee In phagocytosis - ANSWER a cell membrane engulfs solid particles.
Which of the following transport processes does not require expenditure of cellular energy? - ANSWER Facilitated diffusion An organic compound always contains - ANSWERcarbon and hydrogen. Saturated fats than unsaturated fats. - ANSWER have more single
occurring in an organism that support life The secondary structure of a protein molecule is the result of - ANSWER hydrogen bonds.
The number of protons in an atom of an element always equals its atomic weight. - ANSWER False A cell that can divide to give rise to any cell type is - ANSWER totipotent. Cancer can result if - ANSWER mitosis is too frequent or does not stop. The oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities are in the dorsal cavity. - ANSWER False Cilia and flagella extend from certain cells, enabling them to move. - ANSWER True Cells lose water when placed in a solution. - ANSWER Hypertonic A selectively permeable membrane - ANSWERallows some substances to pass through and excludes others. When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true? - ANSWER The palms are facing backward. Which of the following correctly describes the structural organization of the cell membrane? - ANSWER A bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded and can move A glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules in - ANSWER Glycolysis Transcription and translation differ in that - ANSWER transcription produces RNA and translation produces protein. If one strand of DNA has the sequence TCAGGCTATTCCCG, then the complementary sequence of the other strand is - ANSWER AGTCCGATAAGGGC. Which of the following is not true regarding RNA? - ANSWER It is double-stranded. An enzyme is - ANSWER a molecule, usually a protein, that speeds the rate
of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. The aerobic reactions of cellular respiration occur in the mitochondria. - ANSWER True Which of the following substances increases in abundance during cellular respiration? - ANSWER ATP A cofactor is and examples are. - ANSWER a necessary part of some enzymes; copper, iron, and zinc An ATP molecule consists of an adenine, a ribose, and three phosphates. - ANSWER True The electron transport chain is a series of enzyme complexes that pass electrons, releasing energy that is used to phosphorylate ADP to ATP on the inner mitochondrial membrane. - ANSWER True A cell may contain hundreds of different types of enzymes. - ANSWER True ATP is important to cellular processes because it - ANSWER provides energy for cellular work when the terminal, high-energy bond is broken. Which choice lists structures in order of increasing size? - ANSWER nitrogenous base - nucleotide - gene - chromosome - genome Which of the following is not one of the four basic types of body tissues? - ANSWER Eye tissue The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is - ANSWER simple squamous epithelium. A membrane lines tubes and cavities that open to the outside of the body. - ANSWER Mucous Muscle cells with more than one nucleus are - ANSWER skeletal muscle cells only. Epithelial tissue functions in - ANSWER secretion, absorption, and protection. Extracellular matrix consists of - ANSWER ground substance and protein fibers. Adipose tissue is a form of - ANSWER
connective tissue. Which of the following characteristics is used to name tissue types? - ANSWER Organization of cells
Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets suspended in a fluid extracellular matrix called plasma. - ANSWER True
Skin wrinkles with age because - ANSWER fat is lost from the subcutaneous layer and the dermis shrinks. Milk and ear wax - ANSWER are secreted from modified sweat glands. Skin cancer is most likely to develop from - ANSWER nonpigmented epithelial cells. Cutaneous carcinomas are usually caused by regular exposure to - ANSWER ultraviolet light. Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with - ANSWER muscles, glands, and sensory receptors. A burn affecting only the epidermis is a - ANSWERsuperficial partial- thickness burn. Three physiological factors that affect the color of skin are: volume of blood in dermal vessels, carotene in the subcutaneous layer, and various diseases. - ANSWER True A nail consists of - ANSWER a nail bed and nail plate. Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment? - ANSWER Dermal blood vessels constrict.
The arrector pili muscle is attached to - ANSWER a hair follicle. Reddened skin reflects - ANSWER dilated blood vessels with more blood entering the dermis. As epidermal cells move up through the strata away from their blood supply, they die and become keratinized. - ANSWER True Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands - ANSWER All of the above What determines the color of skin? - ANSWER The amount of melanin that melanocytes produce. As a person ages, the skin typically becomes - ANSWER spotted with patches of pigment. The functions of skin include - ANSWER all of the above. Which person is at highest risk of developing a cutaneous carcinoma? - ANSWER a light-complexioned man age 52 who goes to the beach on summer weekends and does not use sunblock because he likes to be tan. Melanin production is greater in the skin of people who live outdoors all the time than in people who do not. - ANSWER True
Inflammation makes skin - ANSWER red, swollen and painful to touch.
The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities. - ANSWER
True Which action is the main function of the digestive system? - ANSWER Absorption of nutrients The oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities are in the dorsal cavity. - ANSWER False The digestive system filters wastes from the blood. - ANSWER False The elbow is distal to the wrist. - ANSWER False Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions are correct? - ANSWER Circulation-the movement of substances in body fluids The ears are lateral to the eyes. - ANSWER True In negative feedback mechanisms changes away from the normal state - ANSWER stimulate changes in the opposite direction. Homeostasis is the - ANSWER tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environment. An anatomical section that separates the body into right and left portions is a section. - ANSWER sagittal
complexity? - ANSWER Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems Which of the following is not true of organelles? - ANSWER They are only in cells of humans. The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is - ANSWER superficial. Nucleic acids are - ANSWER composed of building blocks called nucleotides. The secondary structure of a protein molecule is the result of - ANSWER hydrogen bonds. A person with alkalosis has a blood pH less than 7.3. - ANSWER False The formula H2O refers to - ANSWER A molecule that contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates? - ANSWER all of the above. Consider the following list of commonly found items and their pH values: Which of the choices includes all acids? - ANSWER Vinegar, grapes, tomatoes, and coffee Lipids - ANSWER all of the above.
Electrolytes are substances that: - ANSWER ionize in water. An electrolyte ionizes in water. - ANSWER True The number of protons in an atom of an element always equals its atomic weight. - ANSWER False A water solution that contains equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is - ANSWER neutral Which of the following substances is an element? - ANSWER Iron Which of the following groups of compounds is hydrophobic? - ANSWERLipids The atomic weight of an element whose atoms contain 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons is - ANSWER 16 A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by - ANSWERAB → A + B. The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is - ANSWER tenfold Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because - ANSWER all of the above. Cancer can result if - ANSWER mitosis is too frequent or does not stop.
