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APHY 101 FINAL EXAM LATEST ALL 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS IVY TECH COMMUNITY COLLEG, Exams of Biology

Ivy Tech Community College - BloomingtonBiology

APHY 101 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS IVY TECH COMMUNITY COLLEGE INDIANAPOLIS

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APHY 101 FINAL EXAM LATEST ALL 200
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
IVY TECH COMMUNITY COLLEGE
INDIANAPOLIS
The muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and involuntarily. -
✅✅
-Which is a
physiological description rather than an anatomical one?
The muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and involuntarily.
The esophageal wall includes a middle layer of dense irregular connective tissue.
The walls of blood capillaries are composed of a thin epithelium.
The muscles of the thigh are composed of skeletal muscle tissue.
Fenestrations (openings) are present in the epithelial cells of capillary walls.
Cell -
✅✅
-What is the basic unit of function and structure in the human body?
Tissue
Atom
Cell
1. ingesting 2. digestion 3. absorption 4. circulation 5. respiration 6. excretion -
✅✅
-The human body gains energy by _________ food, via the mouth. Food is then
broken down to basic chemicals through the process of _______ In the small intestine,
the chemicals from food enter the body. This process is called _____. These chemicals
are then transported by the blood to the cells of the body in a process called ______ .
The cells will use these chemicals, along with oxygen, to gain energy in a process
known as respiration _______. Some cells will use these chemicals to build new and
more complex chemicals. Not all substances taken into the body are used. The body
can rid itself of unabsorbed materials and waste produced by metabolic reactions in a
process called _____
proximal (or superior) -
✅✅
-The knee is __________ to the ankle.
Endocrine system -
✅✅
-What organ system would include the thyroid gland and
pancreas?
parietal peritoneum; visceral peritoneum -
✅✅
-The serous membrane that lines the
wall of the abdominal cavity is called the __________. The membrane that covers the
surface of the abdominopelvic organs is called the __________.
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APHY 101 FINAL EXAM LATEST ALL 200

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

IVY TECH COMMUNITY COLLEGE

INDIANAPOLIS

The muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and involuntarily. - ✅✅-Which is a physiological description rather than an anatomical one? The muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and involuntarily. The esophageal wall includes a middle layer of dense irregular connective tissue. The walls of blood capillaries are composed of a thin epithelium. The muscles of the thigh are composed of skeletal muscle tissue. Fenestrations (openings) are present in the epithelial cells of capillary walls. Cell - ✅✅-What is the basic unit of function and structure in the human body? Tissue Atom Cell

  1. ingesting 2. digestion 3. absorption 4. circulation 5. respiration 6. excretion - ✅✅-The human body gains energy by _________ food, via the mouth. Food is then broken down to basic chemicals through the process of _______ In the small intestine, the chemicals from food enter the body. This process is called _____. These chemicals are then transported by the blood to the cells of the body in a process called ______. The cells will use these chemicals, along with oxygen, to gain energy in a process known as respiration _______. Some cells will use these chemicals to build new and more complex chemicals. Not all substances taken into the body are used. The body can rid itself of unabsorbed materials and waste produced by metabolic reactions in a process called _____ proximal (or superior) - ✅✅-The knee is __________ to the ankle. Endocrine system - ✅✅-What organ system would include the thyroid gland and pancreas? parietal peritoneum; visceral peritoneum - ✅✅-The serous membrane that lines the wall of the abdominal cavity is called the __________. The membrane that covers the surface of the abdominopelvic organs is called the __________.

negative feedback mechanism - ✅✅-During a race, the body temperature of a runner increases. The runner responds by perspiring (sweating), which lowers body temperature. This process is an example of a __________. Nervous system - ✅✅-What organ system is responsible for coordination and integration of bodily functions as well as detecting changes inside and outside the body? metabolism - ✅✅-The physiological events that obtain, release, and use energy are defined as __________. lateral (away from the midline) - ✅✅-The lungs are __________ to the heart. Carbohydrates - ✅✅-Glucose and glycogen are examples of what group of organic compounds? loses - ✅✅-A cation is formed when an atom __________ an electron. HCl → H+ + Cl- - ✅✅-Which of the following is a decomposition reaction?

  1. Lipids 2. Nucleic acids 3. Glucose 4. Proteins - ✅✅-Match the general functions with the correct type of organic compound. Functions: Cell membrane structure; energy storage Cell membrane structure; energy storage Genetic information Cellular fuel Enzymes, transporters, structural components Covalent bond - ✅✅-What type of chemical bond involves the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms in a molecule? decomposition reaction - ✅✅-The primary type of chemical reaction involved in the digestion of a meal by the digestive system is a(n) __________. Buffer - ✅✅-What type of substance works to resist changes in the pH of a solution? Carbohydrates - ✅✅-This compound is a subunit for what class of organic compounds?

Nucleolus - ✅✅-What is the site of ribosome production? False - ✅✅-All cells in the body divide at the same rate. organelles - ✅✅-Specialized structures found in the cytoplasm of the cell are called __________.

  1. Cell membrane 2. Mitochondrion 3. Golgi apparatus 4. Ribosome 5. Centrosome - ✅✅-Match the descriptions to the correct cell part. Composed of protein and a lipid bilayer Membranous sacs with interior partitions Group of flattened, membranous sacs
  2. Particles composed of protein and RNA molecules Nonmembranous structure composed of two rodlike centrioles True - ✅✅-Some organelles move within the cell as part of their function.
  3. Hydrophilic surfaces of membrane 2. Hydrophobic interior of membrane 3. Receptors, transporters 4. Maintains rigidity 5. Cell identification - ✅✅-Match the membrane structures with their function or characteristics.
  4. Phosphate heads
  5. Fatty acid tails
  6. Membrane proteins
  7. Cholesterol
  8. Glycoproteins T-A-A-C-G-T - ✅✅-If one strand of DNA had a base sequence of A-T-T-G-C-A, what base order would be found on the complementary strand of DNA?
  9. guanine 2. thymine 3. uracil - ✅✅-Match the DNA and RNA nucleotides with their complementary base. In DNA and RNA, cytosine is complementary to In DNA, adenine is complementary to In RNA, adenine is complementary to catalyst - ✅✅-An enzyme, which accelerates a chemical reaction, is considered a(n) __________. Interphase - ✅✅-Name the cell cycle phase during which DNA replication occurs.

releasing the terminal phosphate group and the energy associated with the bond - ✅✅-ATP molecules provide energy for cellular activities by __________. Order of nucleotide bases within a gene. - ✅✅-What determines the order of amino acids in a protein? activation energy - ✅✅-The role of an enzyme is to reduce the __________ of a reaction. Transcription - ✅✅-What is the process of synthesizing mRNA called? oxygen - ✅✅-At the end of the electron transport chain, the electrons and hydrogen combine with __________, the final electron acceptor. three-base sequences in DNA that code for a particular amino acid - ✅✅-The "genetic code" determines the types of proteins made by a cell. The term "genetic code" refers to ___________. negative feedback - ✅✅-For some metabolic pathways, the product of the pathway inhibits the functioning of the first enzyme of the same pathway. This type of regulation is an example of __________. Nitrogenous bases - ✅✅-DNA is a double helix, with a structure much like a twisted ladder. What forms the "rungs" of the ladder? 6CO2, 6H2O, 32 ATP - ✅✅-List the end products of the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose. Glycolysis - ✅✅-Three metabolic pathways are involved in the breakdown of glucose to CO2, H2O, and ATP. Of the three, which one occurs in the cytoplasm? acetyl CoA - ✅✅-The molecule called __________ enters the citric acid cycle during the aerobic phase of cellular respiration. Apocrine glands - ✅✅-What type of exocrine gland has small portions of its epithelial cells as its secretion?

  • ✅✅-Match the muscle tissue type with the example location of where it can be found.

Fibrocartilage - ✅✅-What type of cartilage provides support and shock absorption? Smooth muscle - ✅✅-What type of muscle tissue is found in the wall of blood vessels? Tight junctions - ✅✅-What type of intercellular junction joins cells in sheet-like layers by fusing adjacent cells together? Apocrine glands secrete in response to emotional stimuli. - ✅✅-How do apocrine glands differ from other skin glands? arrector pili - ✅✅-The __________ are the bundles of smooth muscle found within the dermis, attached to hair follicles. decrease - ✅✅-Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the dermis of the skin is a response to a(n) __________ in body temperature. basement membrane - ✅✅-Anchoring the epidermis to the superficial dermis is a thin layer called the __________. thins - ✅✅-As we age, our skin __________. superficial partial-thickness - ✅✅-Burns classified as __________ burns heal quickly with no scarring. Stratum lucidum - ✅✅-Name the epidermal layer that is found in thick skin, but is absent from thin skin. keratinized epithelial cells - ✅✅-Nails consist of __________. Superficial partial-thickness burn - ✅✅-What type of burn involves injury to only the epidermis? Hardening of cells; occurs in epidermis - ✅✅-What is keratinization and where does it occur? epithelial cells - ✅✅-What type of dead cells make up a hair? basale - ✅✅-Within the epidermis, cell division and growth occurs in the stratum __________.

Differences in the amount of melanin produced - ✅✅-What variation in melanin accounts for the differences in skin tone between individuals? almost everywhere in the body; cool the skin - ✅✅-Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands are located __________ and function to __________.

  • ✅✅-Differentiate between types of heat loss that might occur to maintain body temperature. From sheetlike layers of unspecialized connective tissue - ✅✅-From what do intramembranous bones form? Vitamin D increases calcium absorption from the small intestine which is used to build bone matrix. - ✅✅-What is the role of vitamin D in bone development?
  1. Humerus 2. Clavicle 3. Scapula 4. Radius 5.Ulna - ✅✅-Match the location in the body with the name of the bone. Upper arm bone_____ Collar bone_________ Shoulder blade______Lateral bone of the forearm_________ Medial bone of the forearm ______
  2. Cervical vertebrae 2. Thoracic vertebrae 3. Cervical vertebrae 4. Lumbar vertebrae 5. Cervical vertebrae 6. Lumbar vertebrae 7. Thoracic vertebrae - ✅✅-Match the description of the vertebra to the correct vertebral region. Have transverse foramen_____ Have articular facets on the transverse process ______ Have articular facets that face superior/inferior________ Have spinous processes that are blunted and short__________Some have bifid spinous process. _______ Have largest size vertebral bodies______Have facets that articulate with a rib________ The process of blood cell formation. - ✅✅-What is the definition of hematopoiesis? osteons - ✅✅-The osteocytes in compact bone are arranged within cylinder-shaped units called __________. Mandible - ✅✅-Which of the following is found inferior to the maxilla and has a posterior articulation with the temporal bone? Osteoclasts; osteoblasts - ✅✅-Throughout life, bone tissue continues to change. __________ are responsible for resorbing bone matrix and __________ are responsible for replacing it.

decreases; decreases - ✅✅-With age, range of motion __________ in joints and the production of synovial fluid __________. Inflammation of fluid-filled sacs associated with a joint Bursitis Correct Torn or overstretched ligaments Sprain Correct Intermittent disorder caused by bacterial infection Lyme arthritis Correct Inflammation of a joint due to autoimmune condition Rheumatoid arthritis Correct Degenerative disorder of joints Osteoarthritis Correct - ✅✅-Match the description to the correct joint disorder. Bending the knee Flexion Correct Doing a backbend Extension Correct Walking on heels Dorsiflexion Correct Pointing toes Plantar flexion Correct Pulling head backward Retraction Correct Pushing jaw forward Protraction - ✅✅-Match each of the joint movements with the correct example.

  1. Diarthrotic joints are freely movable 2. Synarthrotic joints are immovable .3. Amphiarthrotic joints are slightly movable - ✅✅-Joints are classified according to the amount of movement that they allow. Complete these descriptions. Abduction - ✅✅-What is the movement of a body part away from the midline in the frontal plane called? Plane joint - ✅✅-What type of synovial joint involves two flat (or nearly flat) bone surfaces? Saddle (sellar) joint - ✅✅-What type of synovial joint involves two bone ends that each have both concave and convex regions? Synovial joint - ✅✅-The presence of a joint capsule is associated with what type of joint?
    • ✅✅-Match the descriptions to the structures associated with synovial joints.
    • ✅✅-Match each ligament (or pair of ligaments) with the correct joint. Deltoid - ✅✅-Which muscle is the prime mover of shoulder abduction (abduction of the arm)? A; I - ✅✅-The striations seen in skeletal muscle consist of alternating dark bands, called the __________ bands, and light bands, called the __________ bands.

Synaptic vesicles - ✅✅-Name the organelles that store neurotransmitter molecules within the distal end of a motor neuron axon. Sarcomeres - ✅✅-Name the functional units of contraction in a muscle fiber. Tendons - ✅✅-Name the cordlike structures that connect muscles to bone. Twitch - ✅✅-What is the term for the contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single muscle impulse? Cardiac muscle and visceral smooth muscle - ✅✅-In what types of muscle does some of the calcium needed for contraction come from the extracellular fluid? Neuromuscular junction - ✅✅-Name the type of synapse that occurs between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. Muscle fatigue - ✅✅-What is the term for the inability of a muscle to contract after rigorous exercise? Action potentials travel along T tubules. - ✅✅-Describe how action potentials travel from the sarcolemma into the interior of the muscle fibers, resulting in the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm. anterior; posterior - ✅✅-Muscles that flex the wrist are found on the __________ side of the forearm while those that extend the wrist are found on the __________ side of the forearm. head - ✅✅-Contraction of the splenius capitis and semispinalis capitis will move the __________. troponin - ✅✅-In order for a skeletal muscle fiber to contract, calcium must bind to __________. glycolysis - ✅✅-The metabolic process that generates a net of two ATP molecules in the cytosol of a muscle fiber is called __________. slower; slower - ✅✅-Compared to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle is __________ to contract and __________ to relax.

Cell body with a process arising from each end; one dendrite and one axon Bipolar neuron Cell body with many processes; one axon and many dendrites Multipolar neuron - ✅✅-Match the description with the correct type of neuron. Myelinated axons - ✅✅-In what type of axon does saltatory conduction occur?

  1. white matter 2. gray matter - ✅✅-Bundles of myelinated axons form nervous system tissue called____ Unmyelinated axons, dendrites, neuronal cell bodies, and synapses are found within nervous system tissue called_____ Sodium channels open and sodium diffuses into the cell. - ✅✅-What occurs during depolarization of an axon? Norepinephrine and adrenergic receptor - ✅✅-Name the combination of neurotransmitter and receptor type that will cause an increase in heart rate. Motor activities related to speech - ✅✅-In the majority of right-handed people, the left hemisphere is dominant for what function? Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater - ✅✅-What is the correct order of meninges from superficial to deep? central - ✅✅-The spinal cord is part of the __________ nervous system. Corpus callosum - ✅✅-Identify the structure highlighted in orange and indicated by the arrow. Choroid plexuses - ✅✅-What is the name of the specialized capillaries that secrete cerebrospinal fluid? Conus medullaris - ✅✅-What is the name of the tapering, inferior end of the spinal cord? False - ✅✅-The right cerebral hemisphere controls the muscles in the right hand responsible for writing. Deep to the arachnoid mater - ✅✅-Where is the pia mater located?

Somatic cranial nerve fibers - ✅✅-What type of nerve fibers would control the skeletal muscles of facial expression? Primary motor cortex - ✅✅-What functional region of the cerebral cortex is located in the frontal lobe? Autonomic nervous system - ✅✅-What division of the nervous system functions independently and continuously, without conscious effort? Occipital lobes - ✅✅-In which lobes of the cerebrum is the visual cortex located? Increased memory loss - ✅✅-Name a noticeable sign of normal aging in the nervous system. Somatic motor spinal nerves - ✅✅-Which part of the peripheral nervous system would send impulses to the skeletal muscles in the arm? Knee - ✅✅-A meniscus could be found in which joint? Articular capsule - ✅✅-Which part of a synovial joint may be reinforced by ligaments and tendons? Labrum - ✅✅-Which is not a part of all synovial joints? Suture - ✅✅-Which is not a type of synovial joint?

  • ✅✅-Label the parts of a typical synovial joint.
  • ✅✅-Complete the sentences to describe joint movements. abducting; adducting - ✅✅-Doing jumping jacks requires that you alternate __________ and __________ your lower extremities.