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All Subject Study Guide for 7th Grade Comprehinsive
(Physics, biology, chemistry, math, english, and
spanish) Exam| Actual Questions and Answers 100%
Correct| Latest Update 202 5/
Homeostasis ✔✔When organisms maintain a stable internal environment even
when external conditions change
Metabolism ✔✔Combination of chemical reactions taking place within an
organism
Stimulus ✔✔A signal to which an organism responds
Biosphere ✔✔Means "living planet"
Robert Hooke ✔✔Scientist who looked at cork through a microscope and gave
the name to cells
Light Microscope ✔✔A type of microscope
Can magnify 1000x
Not as strong as other microscopes
Uses light
Scanning Electron Microscope ✔✔A type of microscope
Can magnify 100,000x
Uses electron beams focused by magnetic fields
Used to see surface of objects
Transmission Electron Microscope ✔✔A type of microscope
Can magnify 100,000x
Uses electron beams focused by magnetic fields
Used to see internal details of objects
Electron microscopes ✔✔Cannot look at living cells
Their beam of electrons destroys cells
Proteins ✔✔Mosaic part of the Fluid-Mosaic model
Phospholipids ✔✔Fluid part of the Fluid-Mosaic model
Diffusion ✔✔Small particles move from greater concentration to lesser
concentration until they reach equilibrium
Osmosis ✔✔Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Lipid ✔✔Macromolecule that is not a polymer
Is not made of repeated units
Is merely a large molecule
Chitin
Protection/structure polysaccharide in animals
Diploid
Term meaning to have 2 sets of chromosomes
Somatic cells
Haploid ✔✔Term meaning to have 1 set of chromosomes
Reproductive cells
Speed ✔✔The rate at wich an object moves (m/s)
acceleration ✔✔the rate at wich an object changes velcity, speed, or direction
(m/s/s)
force ✔✔a push or a pull (N)
work ✔✔the transfer of energy (j)
power
the rate at wich work is done (w)
energy ✔✔the ability to do work (j)
mass ✔✔1)the ammountof matterr in an object 2)the measure of an objects
inetria (kg)
inertia ✔✔the tendency of an object to resist changes in motion (kg)
weight
the measureof gravity acting upon an object (N)
normal force ✔✔the reaction force that is perpendicular to the surface (N)
hooke's law ✔✔the force necesary to extend or compress a spring is directly
proportional to the distance (N)
mechanical energy ✔✔the sum of all energys (j)
potenial energy ✔✔energy due to location (j)
kinetic energy ✔✔energy due to motion (j)
elastic energy ✔✔energy stored in pulled/compressed spring, rubber band or
bungee cord (j)
law of conservation of energy ✔✔energy cannot be created nor destroyed only
transformed
net force ✔✔sum of all forces (N)
speed formula ✔✔S=d/t
light
candela
electricity ✔✔amperes
light speed ✔✔3*10^
longitudal waves ✔✔the particles of a wave vibrate PARALLEL to the direction of a
wave
transverse waves ✔✔a wave in wich particles move PERPENDICULAR to the
direction of the wave
surface wave ✔✔the combination of transverse and longitudinal at the boundry
of a ifferent media. particles mov in circular motion.
frequency ✔✔the number of waves pasing a location every second (Hz)
frequency formula ✔✔f=(landa)/v
period ✔✔the time wich it takes one wave to pass (sec)
period formula ✔✔T=1/f
wavespeed ✔✔the rate at wich a wave moves (m/s)
wave speed formula ✔✔V=(landa)*f
wave interference ✔✔ 2 waves (unlike objects) can occupy the same place at the
same time
constructive interference ✔✔displacments are in same direction
destructive ✔✔displacements are in opposite directions
standing wave ✔✔appers to not be moving
electromagnetic wave ✔✔can travel the vacum of outer space. doesnt need a
medium
Meter ✔✔SI unit for length
Kilogram ✔✔SI unit for mass
Second ✔✔SI unit for time
Kelvin ✔✔SI unit for temperature
Homogeneous mixture
A mixture that is uniform throughout
Heterogeneous mixture ✔✔A mixture that is not uniform throughout
Saturation ✔✔The state when the solvent cannot take in any more solute
Suspension ✔✔A heterogeneous mixture where particles eventually settle
Colloid
A heterogeneous mixture where the particles never settle
Sublimation ✔✔The state change when solids turn directly into gases
Deposition ✔✔The state change when gases turn directly into solids
Plasma ✔✔State of matter when electrons separate from their nuclei
Cation ✔✔Type of ion that is smaller than the original atom
Anion ✔✔Type of ion that is larger than the original atom
Ionization energy ✔✔The energy required to take an electron away from its atom
Electronegativity ✔✔The ability of an atom to attract shared electrons to itself
Electron affinity
The energy change associated with the gaining of electrons
Polarity ✔✔Charge separation resulting from unequal sharing of bonded
electrons
Filtration ✔✔Method of separating mixtures
Based on running mixture through a filter
Filtrate ✔✔The liquid that runs through a filter during filtration
Residue ✔✔The solid that remains in the filter during filtration
Distillation ✔✔Method of separating mixtures
Depends on boiling liquids with different boiling points
Condenses different vapors to get components
Chromatography ✔✔Method of separating mixtures
Uses mobile and stationary phases
Depends on components having different affinities for the mobile phase and
being carried different distances
Solvent Front ✔✔Line where solvent stops running up stationary phase
Caused by fluctuations in electron clouds that cause reactions from other atoms
and cause dipoles to form
Synthesis ✔✔Reaction with formula A+B->C
Decomposition ✔✔Reaction with formula C->A+B
Single Replacement ✔✔Reaction with formula A+BC->B+AC
Double Replacement ✔✔Reaction with formula AB+CD->AD+CB
Combustion ✔✔Reaction with formula X+O2->Y(+Z)
Redox ✔✔A reaction where electrons move from one atom to another
Oxidation State ✔✔Term for the charge on atoms in a redox reaction
Oxidation ✔✔When an atom loses electrons during a reaction
Reduction ✔✔When an atom gains electrons during a reaction
Oxidizing Agent ✔✔A substance in a redox reaction that causes another
substance to be oxidized and is reduced in the process
Reducing Agent ✔✔A substance in a redox reaction that causes another
substance to be reduced and is oxidized in the process
Spectator Ions ✔✔The ions in a double replacement reaction that do not
precipitate
Net Ionic Equation ✔✔The equation of a double replacement reaction that does
not include spectator ions
The land bridge that the first humans crossed over ✔✔Bering strait (Beringia)
2 native civilizations to last till the Europeans ✔✔Olmecs and Myans
2 European civilizations ✔✔Inca and Aztecs
Early north American native peoples lived in pueblos and their other name was
the "mound builders"
Anasazi
New England colonies ✔✔New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Rhode island
Middle colonies ✔✔New York
Pennsylvania
Gulf people ✔✔called Karankawa live near the shores mainly fished, very warlike,
were cannibals
Puebloen people ✔✔called the Jamano, adobe buildings
First 4 countries (nation states) ✔✔Spain
Portugal
France
England
The vikings are from ✔✔Scandinavia
the boats they used were called ✔✔long boats
Leif Erikson ✔✔led the exploration and found vinland
the 3 boats led by Christopher Columbus ✔✔Nina
Pinta
Santa Maria
Protestant of Reformation ✔✔nailed 95 complaints onto a church
Joint stock companies ✔✔an investor bought stock or part ownership of a
company
John Rolfe
brought us Tabaco seeds
Head right system ✔✔a land grant 50 acres of land to people who pay over 15
years.
Plymoth colony ✔✔for religious reasons people get on to the mayflower and get
blown north and sailed into Cape cod bay and created the Mayflower Contract.
parliment ✔✔body with power of principle government
Albany plan of Union
colonists realized the war with French, we ask for allies
with the Iroquois.
The Stamp Act
proposed by the minister on any piece of paper you need to
buy a stamp
Boston Tea Party ✔✔when the people did not like the tax on tea so they dumped
all the tea from inside of the boats into the water
important US mountain range at the east of the Mississippi river ✔✔The
Appalachian Mountains
constitutional convention ✔✔to protect property rights and to pay off debt and
land policies.
Sectionalism ✔✔shows favor to 1 section over the other
whiskey rebellion ✔✔put taxes on whiskey got the farmers mad and turned into a
rebellion
French Revolution ✔✔the french did not like the monarchy
Proclamation of neutrality ✔✔proclaimed we are partial to both
Jays treaty ✔✔British would move their forts but would not stop impressment
Earliest Americans ✔✔nomadic, hunter-gatherers
Anasazi ✔✔the mound builders live in the 4 corners and cliff dwellers
Columbus(from Spain) ✔✔Discovered Americas in 1492
Magellan(from Spain) ✔✔Sailed around the world, died on the way
De Soto(from Spain) ✔✔explored the southern area, died and was dropped in the
Mississippi
Cornado(from Spain) ✔✔found fluffy cows (buffalo)
Cabeza De Vaca (from Spain) ✔✔stranded in Texas, starts the legends of The
seven cities of Sebola
Cartier(France) ✔✔found Saint Lawrence river an NW passage
La Salle (France) ✔✔sailed the Mississippi to Saint Louis
Cabot(England) ✔✔Discovers Newfound Land Hudson(England)
✔✔Hudson bay and river
Motivation for exploration ✔✔Gold
Glory
God
Mission Persidio ✔✔the Spaniards thought that the French would attack them so
they got friars and solders to stay in forts and spread the Spanish culture to the
people
Jamestown ✔✔first successful English colony
Slavery ✔✔is a life long worker
Indentured slaves ✔✔have contracts for working
