Chapter I:
- Well agriculture came into play. For the reason that it became more “civilized” gender
roles changed. Men were no longer in charge of hunting, but not seen as the protectors.
They were protectors of the towns & the women, for the women were in charge of the
reproduction & agriculture sowing.
- Jewish faith had one god called monotheism, whereas Egyptians and Mesopotamians
believed in many gods. The Jewish God is a god that has no life or creature form. He is
just the highest and ultimate power. The strength in this belief was made by Abraham’s
covenant with God, where he displayed fate & duty to his God by sacrificing his own son
Issac. In this religion, teaches moral righteousness & goodness. If not followed, then one
will be punished for their misdeeds and sent to Hell unless ask for penance.
Chapter II
- Poleis were Greek independent city-states where they all each had its own political units,
personality, laws, & customs. They all however believed in the same gods & spoke the
same language. Whenever there was a war, the Greek city states would band together
(until after the rebellion of Thasos from Delian League). Ancient Greece, in comparison
to America, did not have a central government.
- Athens and Sparta were both Greek poleis, however they differed in government. Athens
was first known to have an aristocratic government until Clithenes established the first
democracy. Sparta on the other hand was known to have held government of oligarchy,
monarchy, and democracy. In Spartan government there was always a king. Duties of
kings were military & judicial. There were elders who comprised the council group,
representing an oligarchy. Then a Spartan assembly and election of ephors consisted of
the democratic element. A typical Spartan citizen was proud and strong because of the
way Sparta was turned into a military academy & camp. In Athens, under Solon: 4
classes measured by agricultural production.
