Advanced Medical Surgical Nursing
Exam 4 2025
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) - Answers>>- Stimulates adrenal cortex to release
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Addison's disease - Answers>>- occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce
enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone
- more common in females 30-50 yo
- bronzed skin tone
- low sodium & high potassium levels
- hypoglycemia
adrenal gland - Answers>>- produces sugar, salt, & sex hormone
anion gap - Answers>>= Na - (Cl + HCO3)
Normal is between 8 and 12
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Answers>>- promotes retention of water by kidneys
Controlling ascites - Answers>>- restrict Na to 2 g/day.
- Diuretics to increase salt & water excretion. May be a comb of spironolactone &
furosemide.
- paracentesis are required to drain fluid from abd & relieve pt sx.
- stent placement
Crohn's disease - Answers>>- a chronic autoimmune disorder that is most often found
in the ileum & in the colon
Cushing's syndrome - Answers>>- caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of
cortisol
diabetes insipidus - Answers>>- pee pee, give IVs
- vasopressin
- high sodium output
- decreased specific gravity
- pounds lost
Dietary modifications for hyperthyroidism - Answers>>- hyperthyroidism provide
increased calories as needed
esophegeal varices - Answers>>- Result of portal hypertension-blood backs up &
distends esophageal veins.
- May bleed when irritated with food, gastric acid, etc.
