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Acute Renal Failure EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS, Exams of Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Ivy Tech Community College - MuncieAnimal Anatomy and Physiology

Acute Renal Failure EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/11/2025

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Acute \|Renal \|Failure \|EXAM \|QUESTIONS \|
WITH \|ANSWERS
What \|is \|the \|function \|of \|the \|kidneys? \|- \|CORRECT \|ANSWERS \|✔✔To \|
regulate \|acid \|base, \|fluid \|balance, \|and \|electrolyte \|levels.
What \|is \|azotemia? \|- \|CORRECT \|ANSWERS \|✔✔A \|large \|amount \|of \|
Urea \|circulating \|in \|the \|blood.
What \|is \|responsible \|for \|many \|cases \|of \|renal \|failure? \|- \|CORRECT \|
ANSWERS \|✔✔Azotemia.
What \|are \|three \|substances \|that \|are \|important \|in \|renal \|function? \|- \|
CORRECT \|ANSWERS \|✔✔1. \|Renin.
2. \|Erythropoietin.
3. \|Calcitriol.
What \|substances \|is \|important \|in \|blood \|pressure \|control? \|- \|
CORRECT \|ANSWERS \|✔✔Renin.
What \|role \|do \|Renin, \|Erythropoietin, \|and \|Calcitrol \|play? \|- \|CORRECT \|
ANSWERS \|✔✔They \|help \|to \|maintain \|homeostasis.
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Download Acute Renal Failure EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS and more Exams Animal Anatomy and Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!

Acute |Renal |Failure |EXAM |QUESTIONS |

WITH |ANSWERS

What |is |the |function |of |the |kidneys? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔To | regulate |acid |base, |fluid |balance, |and |electrolyte |levels. What |is |azotemia? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔A |large |amount |of | Urea |circulating |in |the |blood. What |is |responsible |for |many |cases |of |renal |failure? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔Azotemia. What |are |three |substances |that |are |important |in |renal |function? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Renin.

  1. |Erythropoietin.
  2. |Calcitriol. What |substances |is |important |in |blood |pressure |control? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Renin. What |role |do |Renin, |Erythropoietin, |and |Calcitrol |play? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔They |help |to |maintain |homeostasis.

What |is |the |function |of |Erythropoietin? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔It | stimulates |red |blood |cell |production |in |the |bone |marrow. How |do |the |kidneys |work |to |regulate |acid |base, |fluid |balance, |and | electrolyte |levels? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔They |filter |the |blood |to | produce |urine. What |does |manneken |pis |mean? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Little |man |peeing. Where |is |the |manneken |pis |located? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔In | Brussels. What |is |a |normal |output |of |urine |in |a | 24 |hour |period? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔<800 |mL |in | 24 |hours. What |is |a |normal |output |of |urine |per |hour? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔<33.33 |mL |per |hour. What |is |oliguria? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Decreased |excretion |of | urine |in |relation |to |the |amount |of |fluid |intake; |usually |defined |as | urine |output |less |than | 400 |mL |in |a | 24 |hour |period.

Does |the |urine |output |always |change |with |acute |renal |failure? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔No, |not |always; |urine |output |may |or |may | not |change. Is |acute |renal |failure |reversible? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Acute | renal |failure |is |reversible |if |it |is |identified |early. What |temporary |change |to |the |Creatinine |may |be |seen |with |acute | renal |failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The |Creatinine |will | temporarily |increase |50% |from |the |client's |baseline. Can |you |have |both |acute |and |chronic |renal |failure? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔Yes; |you |can |have |acute |on |chronic |renal |failure. What |are |the |three |categories |of |causes |of |acute |renal |failure? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Prerenal.

  1. |Intrarenal.
  2. |Postrenal. What |are |the |causes |of |prerenal |acute |renal |failure? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔Sudden |and |severe |drop |in |blood |pressure |(shock) |or | interruption |of |blood |flow |to |the |kidneys |from |severe |injury |or | illness.

What |are |some |of |the |health-related |issues |that |could |cause | prerenal |acute |renal |failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Shock.

  1. |CHF.
  2. |Aneurysm.
  3. |Dehydration.
  4. |Preeclampsia. What |are |the |causes |of |intrarenal |acute |renal |failure? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔Direct |damage |to |the |kidneys |by |inflammation, | toxins, |drugs, |infection, |or |reduced |blood |supply. What |are |the |causes |of |postrenal |acute |renal |failure? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔Sudden |obstruction |of |urine |flow |due |to |enlarged | prostate, |kidney |stones, |bladder |tumor, |or |injury. Where |does |prerenal |acute |renal |failure |occur |at |anatomically? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Above |the |level |of |the |kidney(s). Where |does |the |intrarenal |acute |renal |failure |occur |at | anatomically? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔In |the |kidney(s). Where |does |the |postrenal |acute |renal |failure |occur |at | anatomically? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Below |the |level |of |the | kidney(s) |from |the |ureters |into |the |bladder.

Why |is |the |BUN |related |to |the |state |of |the |kidneys |if |it's |really | testing |the |function |of |the |liver? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔The |BUN | measures |the |function |of |the |liver |but |Urea |is |excreted |by |the | kidneys. How |can |acute |renal |failure |be |treated? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔By |treating |the |precipitating |event(s); |remove |the |cause. What |are |the |overall |changes |seen |in |the |oliguric |phase |of |acute | renal |failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Increase | in |substances/waste |excreted |by |the |kidney(s).

  1. |Increase |in |serum |levels |of |potassium |and |magnesium.
  2. |Output |<400 |mL |in | 24 |hours. How |long |does |the |oliguric |phase |of |acute |renal |failure |last? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1-3 |weeks. How |long |does |the |diuresis |phase |of |acute |renal |failure |last? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔2-6 |weeks. What |is |the |value |of |the |urine |specific |gravity |in |the |oliguric |phase | of |acute |renal |failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔> |or |= |1.

What |are |the |characteristics |of |urine |in |the |oliguric |phase |of |acute | renal |failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Foul-smelling.

  1. |Dark. What |change |is |seen |in |the |potassium |level |in |the |oliguric |phase | of |acute |renal |failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Potassium |is | increased; |> |5. What |is |the |value(s) |of |the |BUN |in |the |oliguric |phase |of |acute | renal |failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔10-20. What |does |the |value |of |the |BUN |in |the |oliguric |phase |of |acute | renal |failure |indicate? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Inadequate | excretion |of |Urea. What |is |the |value |of |the |creatinine |level |in |the |oliguric |phase |of | acute |renal |failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔> |1. In |the |oliguric |phase |of |acute |renal |failure, |as |the |creatinine |level | increases, |what |happens |to |the |GFR |level? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔Decrease.

Is |the |GFR |or |creatinine |level |more |accurate |for |determining | kidney |function? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Creatinine. What |are |some |other |signs/symptoms/assessment |findings |that | can |occur |during |the |oliguric |phase |of |acute |renal |failure? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Peaked |T |wave |irritability.

  1. |Diarrhea |with |stomach |cramps. What |ratio |should |the |values |of |the |BUN |and |creatinine |be? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔2:1. What |are |the |characteristics |of |the |prerenal |cause |of |acute |renal | failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Lethargy.
  2. |Decreased |BP.
  3. |Increased |HR.
  4. |Thirst.
  5. |Change |in |urinary |output.
  6. |Creatinine |is |> |1.
  7. |BUN |to |creatinine |ration |is |increased.
  8. |Urine |output |is |decreased.
  9. |Urine |osmolarity |and |specific |gravity |are |increased.
  10. |Irritability.
  11. |Confusion.
  1. |Change |in |vital |signs. Why |does |a |person |with |prerenal |acute |renal |failure |get |lethargy? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Prerenal |acute |renal |failure |reduces |CSF | fluid |int |he |ventricles |in |the |brain. Where |can |an |individual |with |renal |failure |experience |pain? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔In |their |flanks; |flank |pain. The |urine |specific |gravity |will |change |based |upon |what? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔The |phase |of |acute |renal |failure. What |are |the |treatments |for |prerenal |acute |renal |failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Fluid |Replacement.
  2. |Blood |Products.
  3. |Replacement |of |Electrolytes. What |part |of |the |kidney |cannot |concentrate |urine? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔The |glomeruli. In |what |percentage |of |the |time |does |impaired |renal |function | manifest |as |glomerulonephritis? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔25%
  1. |Nausea.
  2. |Change |in |LOC.
  3. |Anemia.
  4. |BUN |to |creatinine |ration |is |increased.
  5. |Creatinine |is |increased.
  6. |Urine |output |is |decreased.
  7. |Urine |osmolarity |is |slightly |increased.
  8. |Urine |specific |gravity |is |normal |or |low |and |then |drops.
  9. |Peripheral |edema.
  10. |Pulmonary |edema. What |do |peripheral |edema, |pulmonary |edema, |and |distended |neck | veins |(JVD) |do? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔They |influence |changes |in | electrolytes. What |are |some |of |the |causes |of |post-renal |flow |obstructions? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Renal |stones.
  11. |Tumors. What |is |the |treatment |for |post-renal |flow |obstructions? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Remove |the |cause.
  12. |Provide |fluids.
  13. |Provide |diuretics.
  1. |Provide |renal |dose |Dopamine. When |providing |fluids |in |treatment |of |post-renal |flow |obstructions, | what |do |we |have |to |be |careful |of? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS | ✔✔Providing |too |much |fluid; |we |don't |want |to |cause |fluid |overload. What |kind |of |diuretics |are |given |in |the |treatment |of |post-renal | flow |obstructions? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Loop |diuretics. What |is |the |purpose |of |renal |dose |Dopamine? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔Just |enough |Dopamine |is |given |to |open |up |the |renal | artioles |and |arteries. What |is |the |normal |dose |range |of |renal |dose |Dopamine? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔0.5-3 |mcg/kg/min. What |are |the |three |main |characteristics |seen |in |post-renal |failure? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Pain.
  2. |Retention.
  3. |Hematuria. What |are |all |of |the |characteristics |of |post-renal |failure? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Pain.
  4. |Rentention.

What |are |some |things |that |can |be |done |to |prevent |acute |renal | failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. |No |contrast |dye |(it's | nephrotoxic).

  1. |Careful |administration |of |nephrotoxic |medications.
  2. |Hydration.
  3. |Prevention |and |treatment |of |infection.
  4. |Awareness |of |gerontologic |risk. What |is |the |gerontological |risk |of |acute |kidney |failure? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔Many |elderly |don't |sense |thirst. What |is |the |nursing |management |that |should |be |provided |for | individuals |with |acute |renal |failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. | Reduce |Metabolic |Rate.
  5. |Prevention |of |Infection.
  6. |Electrolyte |Balance.
  7. |Nutrition. What |measures |should |be |taken |to |help |a |client |reduce |their | metabolic |rate? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Bed |rest.
  8. |Treat |fever.

What |measures |should |be |taken |to |help |a |client |prevent | infection? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Promote |coughing |and |deep | breathing.

  1. |Catheter |care.
  2. |Skin |care. What |places |the |client |with |acute |renal |failure |at |a |higher |risk |for | infection? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Bed |rest; |being |in |bed |puts |the | client |at |a |higher |risk |for |skin |breakdown |and |impaired |skin | integrity. What |measures |should |be |taken |to |help |a |client |with |acute |renal | failure |maintain |and/or |improve |fluid |and |electrolyte |balance? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Monitor |symptoms |of |electrolyte | imbalance.
  3. |Monitor |potassium |levels |of |hidden |sources |potassium |in | medication.
  4. |Administer |low |dose |Dopamine |increased |renal |blood |flow. What |measures |should |be |taken |to |help |a |client |with |acute |renal | failure |maintain |and/or |improve |their |nutrition? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔1. |Assess |the |weight |and |blood |pressure, |I&O, |and | lung |sounds |as |indicators |of |fluid |retention.
  5. |Assess |protein |needs; |individualize |to |meet |client |needs |but | avoid |azotemia.

Would |a |nurse |be |concerned |if |the |client's |magnesium |level |is | 2.5? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Yes; |normal |magnesium |levels |are |1.3-

What |medication |is |used |to |increase |renal |blood |flow? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔Renal |dose |Dopamine. Which |type |of |acute |renal |failure |is |an |elderly |person |most |likely | to |have? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Pre-Renal |acute |renal |failure. What |would |the |protein |and |carbohydrate |amounts |be |for |a |client | who |was |in |the |oliguric |phase |of |acute |renal |failure? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔High |carbohydrates |and |low |protein |intake. A |client |who |is |diagnosed |with |Rhabdomyolysis |from |a |fall |or | crush |injury |may |develop |which |type |of |acute |renal |failure? |- | CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔Intra-Renal |Failure. In |order |to |reduce |metabolic |rate |(or |demand) |what |would |the | nurse |expect |the |client |with |acute |renal |failure |to |do? |- |CORRECT | ANSWERS |✔✔Be |on |bed |rest. Which |classification |of |drugs |appear |to |slow |the |progression |of | chronic |renal |failure? |- |CORRECT |ANSWERS |✔✔ACE |Inhibitors.