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PHARMACOLOGY ATI TEST QUESTIONS
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Digoxin (lanoxin) ✔✔Antidysrhythmic Side Effect: Blurred or doubled vision Guaifenesin ✔✔Side Effect: Can cause drowsiness Estrogen (premarin) ✔✔Side Effect: Increase Risk of Thromboembolism with shortness of breath, severe headache, vomiting. Sudden acute pain in the calves, legs, chest, abdomen Doxepin (Sinequan) ✔✔Anticholinergic Side Effect: Urinary retention, constipation, drying of nasal/oral secretions, Increased Heart Rate Albuterol (Proventil) ✔✔Sympathomimetic; Adrenergic beta-2 agonist Contraindicated; with MAOI - can increase action of albuterol leading to hypertension crisis. Beta blockers - can inhibit the therapeutic effects USE: invert canister, shake before use, rinse mouth after use, with new inhaler perform test spray. Levothyroxine (T4) ✔✔Indication: HYPOthyroidism in relation to dysfunction of hypothalamus, pituitary or thyroid gland
Cephalosporins (Keflex) ✔✔Allergy to cephalosporins is considered a precaution for taking penicillins Phenobarbital (Barbiturates) ✔✔Interventions for anticonvulsant therapy; assess for respiration, depression, excess sedation from toxic effects, Intravenous (IV) at less than 50 mg per minute, avoid extravasation (alkaline can cause skin damage) Sumatriptan (Imitrex) ✔✔USE: When migraine symptoms appear and again in 1 hour if symptoms persist Fastest Route for Pharmacological Administration ✔✔INTRAVENOUS NARCAN ✔✔(OPIOID ANTAGONIST) Therapeutic action: improvement of respiratory rate Baclofen (Lioresal) ✔✔Therapeutic action: Decreases frequency and severity of muscle spasms Erythromycin (Erythrocin) ✔✔Macrolide Side Effect: Liver Toxicity Insulin: (high dose) U- 500 ✔✔5 times stronger than u- 100 - divide dosage ordered by 5
Testosterone IM ✔✔If used to correct delayed puberty, assess bone maturation with bi-annual x- rays of hand and wrist; monitor liver function; can increase hypoglycemia, potentiate sleep apnea, exacerbate heart failure due to fluid retention Diphenoxylate and Atropine (Lomotil) ✔✔Caution: With Renal impairment, decreased elimination of Atropine thereby increasing anticholinergic effects of atropine like confusion Loperamide (Imodium) ✔✔Use: Anti-diarrheal (poorly absorbed from GI tract; difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier) Methylcellulose (Citrucel) ✔✔Bulk-forming agent with minimal Side Effects Psyllium (Metamucil) ✔✔Bulk-forming agent with minimal Side Effects Acetazolamide (Diamox) - diuretic ✔✔Indication - edema, epilepsy, acute mountain sickness, glaucoma (decrease intraocular pressure due to decreased amounts of aqueous humor in the eye) Contraindication: allergy to sulfonamides Metoprolol (Lopressor) - Beta Blocker ✔✔Hold dose for dyspnea (sign of exacerbation of Cardiac Heart Failure) Propanolol (Inderal) - Beta Blocker ✔✔USE: Dysrhythmia, hypertension, angies
Side Effects: bronchoconstriction, bronchospasm, can block glycogenesis Norgestrel (Ovrette) ✔✔USE: Contraception Side Effects: Excess progestin, weight gain from increased appetite; deficiency of progestin; late breakthrough bleeding, amenorrhea, excess estrogen that leads to edema Medroxyprogesterone (Provera) - female hormone ✔✔Contraindication: smoking/tobacco products RISKS: Thromboembolism and Cardiovascular complications Interventions: use additional contraceptive measures with antibiotic therapy IM Injection Site ✔✔locate dorsogluteal site Nausea - therapy ✔✔Antiemetic plus cool damp cloth to forehead, neck and wrists Allopurinol (Zyloprim) ✔✔Indication: Gout Mechanism of Action: decreases serum uric acid levels and urinary uric acid secretion Precaution: avoid foods that acidify urine such as CORN Tuberculosis (TB) multi-drug Therapy ✔✔Isoniazid (INH) Rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol - to deal with resistant strains
Isotretinoin (Accutane) ✔✔Contraindication: Pregnancy with two forms of birth control due to teratogenic effects Vaccine ✔✔Advice of live versus attenuated or killed vaccine: long lasting active immunity versus partial (passive) Epoetin Alfa (Procrit) ✔✔Indication: Treat anemia Side Effects: Headache, Hypertension, seizures in relation to (Hct) hematocrit rises too quickly Urofollitropin (Fertinex) ✔✔Dosage: administration IM based based in preceding cycles Side Effect: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome Hypertensive crisis ✔✔Signs and Symptoms: Flushed skin, headache, visual changes Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) ✔✔Indication: Prevent liver damage following acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose. Most effective if given shortly after ingestion; some protection up to 24 hours. Montelukast (Singulair) ✔✔Indication: prevent asthma exacerbations Dose: Daily at bedtime Side Effects: Well tolerated
Metoclopramide (Reglan) ✔✔Has increased sedation when given with Morphine Mannitol (Osmitrol) - diuretics ✔✔Caution with patients with heart disease. Can precipitate CHF and pulmonary edema Opiate Overdose ✔✔Causes Respiratory Depression. Narcan Antidote shorter acting. May need less than 1 dose Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) ✔✔Precaution: Avoid other CNS depressants such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, kava kava Anaphylaxis ✔✔Signs and Symptoms: bronchoconstriction, angioedema, hypotension
