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ACT English Rules/Reminders exam terms
well explained 2025.
Qs Introductory phrase = Comma - n Ans✔ Use a comma when it separates introductory words from rest of sentence Ex. After seven weeks of studying, I raised my ACT score by five points. Qs BTW (by the way) Phrases = comma hug - n Ans✔ Use commas to set off words or phrases that are nonessential to the integrity of the sentence...oh, by the way Qs FANBOYS - n Ans✔ For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Qs Independent, (FANBOYS) Independant - n Ans✔ Use comma when it separates 2 independent clauses and you see either for, and nor, but, yet, so. Ex. I'm thinking of going to Georgetown, but I enjoyed visiting U of A.
Qs Independent (FANBOYS) Dependent - n Ans✔ = No Comma used Ex. Mike was the only person on the scene and tried to help the injured passenger. Qs Lists or series and commas - n Ans✔ = Comma How could you dump me, tell Julie you love her, go to prom with her, and then now tell me you love me? Qs "and" between adjectives - n Ans✔ = Comma Ex:She had an expensive (and) pretty (and) revealing yellow poka-dot bikini. she had an expensive, pretty, revealing, yellow poka-dot bikini. Qs -ing phrase at the end of a sentence - n Ans✔ =Comma ex: Barbara did well, considering she did not study at all
Ans✔ two independent clauses spliced together using a comma, A sentence error. Incorrectly joining two sentences together with a comma. She ran to the store, she purchased eggs. Qs who - n Ans✔ refers to the subject of the sentence Johnny, who is 5 years old, loves to sing who loves me? Qs whom - n Ans✔ refers to the object of the sentence Whom do you love? Whom am I speaking with? Qs I - n Ans✔ Use "I" when you are the subject Tim and I went to the mall. Qs Me - n Ans✔
use "me" when you are the object Sarah woke up my dog and me. Qs than I - n Ans✔ Use I after the word "than" if the pronoun is being compared to the SUBJECT of a verb. Find example??? Qs than Me - n Ans✔ Use me after the word "than" if the pronoun is being compared to the OBJECT of a verb. Need example. He is smarter than me??? Qs Preposition +me - n Ans✔ use me when it follows a preposition. He got the cookies from me. Qs linking verb + I - n Ans✔ Use I when it follows a linking verb such as is Qs Contrast conjunctions - n
You will want to bring many backpacking items; for example, sleeping bags, pans, and warm clothing. ALSO CORRECT-The American flag has three colors, namely, red, white, and blue. -You will want to bring many backpacking items, for example, sleeping bags, pans, and warm clothing. IF YOU REMOVE NAMELY: CORRECT - The American flag has three colors: red, white, and blue. Qs Commas hug interruptors - n Ans✔ The orchestra, excluding the violin section, was not up to par. Use commas to surround an interrupting expression. Qs Colons and lists - n Ans✔ I need a few items at the store: clothespins, a bottle opener, and napkins. Qs Commas and coordinating conjunctions - n Ans✔ I answered the phone, but no one seemed to be on the other end of the line.
Use a comma to separate two sentences joined by a coordinating conjunction ("and, but, or, for, nor"). Qs Comma and contrasting parts of a sentence (not, rather). - n Ans✔ I wanted a cup of coffee, not a glass of milk. Explanation: Use a comma to separate contrasting parts of a sentence. Qs Noun: breakdown Verb: break down - n Ans✔ Phrases that have verb, noun, and adjective forms should appear as separate words when used as verbs and as one word when used as nouns or adjectives. The engine will eventually break down. (verb) Please clean up your room. (verb) We suffered a breakdown in communications. (noun) That Superfund site will require specialized cleanup procedures. (adjective) Qs Semicolons used when Conjunction word missing - n Ans✔ Use a semicolon in place of a period to separate two sentences where the conjunction has been left out.
Ans✔ a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses. Ex for, and, nor, but, or, yet or so Qs comma = Introductory phrase - n Ans✔ Ex. Upon completing the building, the contractor sent us the bill. Qs comma = hugs the Nonessentials or BTW - n Ans✔ Ex. Joey, the homeless man at my subway stop, plays "Stairway to Heaven" on a a flute. Qs comma = needed when it separates two independent clauses AND FANBOYS ARE PRESENT - n Ans✔ Ex. I'm thinking of going to Georgetown, but I enjoyed visiting American University. Ex. I'll take the #2 with a Coke, and I'll go ahead and "Jumbo" size it. Qs NO NO NO NO COMMA needed when Independent and dependent are paired - n Ans✔ Ex. Mike was the first person on the scene of the accident and tried to help the injured passenger. Since "tried to help the injured passenger" is not a complete sentence, therefore a dependent clause...you do NOT need a comma.
Qs Comma separates words in a list or series - n Ans✔ if you can say the word "AND" between adjectives that modify a noun, they you need a comma. Ex. The relentless, overwhelming, powerful wind caused our tent to fly away. Ex. Mrs. Wors lives in a small brick house. Qs The "ing" thing. When a verbal phrase at the end of the sentence refers to the entire sentence (not just the immediate word before it) you NEED a comma! - n Ans✔ Ex. Barbara did well, considering she hadn't studied at all. Ex. Where you wouldn't need it... Mr. Spare offered rewards to students trying to impove their test score. The students (not Mr. Spare) are trying to improve scores so the "ing" is referring to the word right before and no comma is needed. Ex. The seven year old looked away from me when he lied, reinforcing my suspicions. Comma needed b/c the "ing" phrase is modifying the entire clause before it. Qs Semicolon Rule 1 Independent; Independent and NOOOO FANBOYS PRESENT - n Ans✔ Ex. I'm thinking of going to Georgetown; D.C. is an ideal place to begin a political career. Ex. Steve was the best player in his region; his free kicks were nothing short of lethal.
rarely on ACT...only use with Major Break or Interruption in thought OR a list within a sentence Ex. Skiing at Vail is expensive --it cost me ninety bucks--but the back bowls are worth every penny. Ex. Three of my most difficult subjects--history, physics, and English--are all first thing in the morning. Qs The noun immediately before the object that is being possessed receives the apostrophe - n Ans✔ Ex. We drove to the lake in Angie and Paige's convertible... only Paige has the apostrophe Qs Subject Verb agreement - n Ans✔ Sentence simplification first, remove all the BTWs Qs SANAM Some Any None All Most - n Ans✔ an amount like none is married to one work, the word of...The none at the end of "of " dictates verb status. Ex none of my friends want to to see the new movie. Friends want Qs Tense agreement - n
Ans✔ Keep it consistent! Ex.Joe ran the race and won. Ex. Caitlin tired to teach her mom how to text but didn't expect her to get it. Ex. Mirth has dressed up like a ballerina every year since the third grade, and every year her friend have laughed at her. Ex. As soon as the last bell rang, Mr. Brooke's class rushed the door. Qs Tense agreement Exception - n Ans✔ If it is VERY OBVIOUS that the tense has changed, then a shift in tenses is allowed. This is not tested often Ex. Bruce asked Georgia to go to the music today and will ask Chuck to go to the action thriller tomorrow. Qs Reflexive pronouns - n Ans✔ Myself, herself, themselves...reflect back on the subject of the sentence; they are not used as the subject INC: Tommy and myself spent the day at the go cart track C: Tomm and I spend the day at the go cart track. Qs except vs accept - n Ans✔ except = apart from
Colorado is farther from Beijing than Tokyo Picasso goes further than Cezanne in his application of abstract ideas Qs that vs which - n Ans✔ that= restrictive, restricts the meaning or identity of the word which= by the way (adds info, but doesn't define it The waterfall that empties into Phelps lake starts above the tree line (THAT makes it a specific waterfall) The waterfall, which empties into Phelps Lake, starts above the tree line Qs who/whom - n Ans✔ who for a subject whom for an object subjects do the action/objects are the recipient of the action. Who is the favorite to win Wimbledom? expl...since Roger is favored to win, and is the subject of the question, use the word "who". Also correct.. Whom do you want to win Wimbledon? Well, since I want Roger to win Wimbledon, now Roger is the ojbect of the sentence and Whom becomes the appropriate word. Qs discreet vs discrete - n
Ans✔ discreet=quiet discrete=individually separate and distinct Qs principle vs principal - n Ans✔ principle-person principal-idea Qs elicit vs illicit - n Ans✔ elicit= evoke or cause illicit = bad, like an illicit affair Qs Adjectives modify nouns and adverbs modify verbs - n Ans✔ Ex. As gentle as my dog is, whe would still protect my family Ex He could see clearly enough to make out the horizon use clear/cleary. Use clearly b/c it modifies to see Ex. Even though commercials tell you it's easy to get rich quick/quickly. You should use quickly bc it modifies "gets" Qs Redundancy - n
Rule: When an appositive is essential to the meaning of the noun it belongs to, don't use commas. When the noun preceding the appositive provides sufficient identification on its own, use commas around the appositive. Example: Jorge Torres, our senator, was born in California. Explanation: Our senator is an appositive of the proper noun Jorge Torres. Our senator is surrounded by commas because Jorge Torres is a precise identifier. Example: Our senator, Jorge Torres, was born in California. Explanation: Our senator is still a relatively precise identifier so Jorge Torres is not considered essential. Example: CEO Julie Minsky will be our featured speaker. Explanation: Julie Minsky is necessary to help identify CEO, so no commas are used. Example: Julie Minsky, CEO, will be our featured speaker. Explanation: Julie Minsky is a precise identifier so the appositive is surrounded by commas. Qs Omit vs No Change - n Ans✔ Omit/Delete is right 50% of the time No Change is right 20% of the time
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