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ABFM ITE EXAM TEST QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS | VERIFIED
CAP antibiotic that causes VF - ANSWER Azithromycin
- The arrhythmia results from prolongation of the QT interval and is also more common in patients with a prior cardiac history. Anti-DM medications for weight loss - ANSWER GLP receptor agonists e.g. Exenatide SGLT-2 inhibitor e.g. Canagliflozin Screening test with greatest potential for over diagnosis - ANSWER PSA Clinical manifestation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - ANSWER Asymmetric leg weakness Opioid to avoid in palliative patient with severe hepatic dysfunction - ANSWER Methadone
- It is metabolized and cleared by the liver, and should therefore not be used in patients with severe hepatic impairment. It is, however, a reasonable option for patients with severe renal impairment. Lung cancer screening with low dose CT Chest annually - ANSWER Adults 55-80yo with 30 pack year history and currently smoking or quit within last 15 years NOAC with reversal agent - ANSWER Dabigatran Reduces alcoholism but creating an acute ethanol sensitivity - ANSWER Disulfiram Antidepressant to be avoided in the elderly - ANSWER Paroxetine (associated with more anticholinergic effects) SSRIs > SNRIs, atypical antipsychotics may be added for resistant depression Age group between which American Academy of Pediatrics recommends administration of an autism- specific screening tool - ANSWER 18-24 months old
cancer or advanced adenoma diagnosed before 60 years of age or two first-degree relatives diagnosed at any age should be advised to start screening colonoscopy at 40 years of age or 10 years younger than the earliest diagnosis in their family, whichever comes first. Most common cause of hearing loss in newborns - ANSWER Genetic inheritance Lab findings in Von Willebrand disease - ANSWER U.S. federal labor law requires companies with > employees to provide which benefits for employees who are nursing mothers - ANSWER Influenza vaccination in those with potential egg allergy - ANSWER All currently available influenza vaccines, with the exceptions of recombinant and cell-culture-based inactivated influenza vaccines, are prepared using embryonated egg culture and can potentially provoke allergic and anaphylactic reactions. For those who report that they can eat lightly cooked scrambled eggs, vaccination can proceed without precaution or observation. Those who have experienced
only hives can also receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for their age and health status. People who have experienced symptoms such as hypotension, wheezing, nausea, or vomiting, or reactions requiring emergency attention or epinephrine after eating eggs or egg-containing foods can also receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for their age and health status and also do not need to be observed. However, the vaccine should be administered by a provider who can recognize and manage severe allergic reactions. How is the Timed Up and Go test useful in GRM patients?
- ANSWER Helps to assess the risk of falling Antidepressant that can prolong QT interval to be avoided in those on concomitant atypical antipsychotics - ANSWER Citalopram, Escitalopram Other SSRIs, as well as bupropion, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine, do not have this effect. Both tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotics, commonly used in patients also taking SSRIs, can cause QT prolongation, making their combined use problematic.
Strongest risk factor for primary hypertension in children and adolescents - ANSWER Elevated BMI While Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species are the most common causes of skin and soft-tissue infection, which organism should also be considered? - ANSWER Pseudomonas Treatment of erythrasma (Wood's lamp coral pink/red fluorescence, fine-scaled with a cigarette-paper appearance) caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum infection - ANSWER Erythromycin Which radiologic funding of a lung nodule is most predictive of malignancy? - ANSWER Which investigation is routine in all newborns with Down syndrome? - ANSWER Echocardiography Treatment duration for provoked vs unprovoked PE - ANSWER 3 months and indefinitely respectively In patients with symptoms indicative of pneumonia or heart failure, what investigations can be done to determine
treatment of either condition or both? - ANSWER BNP and procalcitonin levels How to increase HDL (good cholesterol)? - ANSWER Add niacin Dietary recommendation in diverticulosis - ANSWER High fibre or take fibre supplements Side effects of prolonged PPI use - ANSWER C diff infection, hypoMg, hip fracture Which antiemetic blocks dopamine stimulation in the chemoreceptor trigger zone? - ANSWER Metoclopramide Little League shoulder is a repetitive use injury causing disruption at the proximal growth plate of the humerus - ANSWER Proximal humeral epiphysitis. Can be seen on plain radiographs as widening, demineralization, or sclerosis at the growth plate. Taking beta carotene and Vit E to prevent cancer and heart disease - ANSWER
No further work-up necessary. Treatment of OSA in children - ANSWER Adenotonsillectomy What is most likely seen with diastolic dysfunction? - ANSWER A preserved ejection fraction Positive hip FADIR and FABER testing - ANSWER Hip labral tear Childhood vaccination carrying risk of febrile seizure in up to 2 weeks post-administration - ANSWER MMR Elbow Moving Valgus Stress Test - ANSWER Ulnar collateral ligament injury In United Stated, at what age is it recommended for cow's milk be introduced? - ANSWER 12 months
Treatment for lateral dislocation of the patella - ANSWER Medically directed pressure on the patella while extending the leg Treatment of SSRI overdose - ANSWER Finkelstein's test - ANSWER For detecting De Quervain's Tenosynovitis, where thumb is in the fist and you ulnarly deviate looking for pain in the radial wrist. Indication for 2nd dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in children - ANSWER Sickle Cell Disease Excessive femoral anteversion with normal mobility - ANSWER Observation Surgery should be reserved for children 8-10 years of age who still have cosmetically unacceptable, dysfunctional gaits. Most effective treatment for OCD - ANSWER Repetitive exposure to fearful stimuli Tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs are also effective
Leading cause of death worldwide - ANSWER Cardiovascular disease Which one of the following potential bioterrorism agents requires treatment with 60 days of continuous antibiotics?
- ANSWER Anthrax What is a pet reptile most likely to transmit to its human contacts? - ANSWER Salmonella Supplement to be added shortly after birth to infants who are fully or partially breastfed - ANSWER Vitamin D 400IU daily Continuing until the child is consuming at least 500 mL/day of formula or milk containing vitamin D What should be monitored whilst on testosterone replacement therapy? - ANSWER Haematocrit (may increase)
- Polycythaemia is thus an absolute contraindication to starting testosterone
Treatment of narcolepsy - ANSWER Treatment involves improving both the quantity and quality of sleep during the night, which can be accomplished with sodium oxybate. This improves daytime alertness and cataplexy. Scheduling naps is the second important aspect of managing narcolepsy. The third important step is the use of stimulants such as methylphenidate to improve function during the day. Periodic daytime naps may also help to reduce symptoms. Initial screening for Hereditary Haemochromatosis in those with persistent abnormal LFTs i.e. raised transaminases - ANSWER Fe and transferrin saturation Most common cause of chest pain in children - ANSWER Musculoskeletal When should patient with hyperplastic polyps on colonoscopy be due for repeat surveillance? - ANSWER Small (less than 10 mm) hyperplastic polyps in the rectum and sigmoid rarely exhibit dysplasia or develop into colon cancer, colonoscopy may be repeated in 10 years if they are the only finding. Elevated serum levels of this is indicative of Vitamin B deficiency - ANSWER Mmethylmalonic acid
What is a vector for Bartonella quintana, which causes trench fever, an influenza-like syndrome with relapsing fever, especially seen in homeless people? - ANSWER Lice Treatment of acute otitis media in children - ANSWER High dose Amoxicillin 80-90mg/kg for 10 days, antibiotic therapy can be deferred in children two years or older with mild symptoms and can be followed-up in 3 months. Treatment of childhood constipation (usually functional) - ANSWER PEG preferred more than Lactulose as less side effects and increased effectiveness Prophylactic TB treatment - ANSWER Isoniazid for 9m What does the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends for prevention of falls in community-dwelling adults >/=65 years of age who are at increased risk for falls? - ANSWER Exercise interventions What are koplik spots pathogmonic for? What causes this? - ANSWER Measles
Anti-DM medication that increases risk of UTI as well as thrush (in women) - ANSWER SGLT2-inhibitors (Dapa, Empa)
- May be used as second line choice in those intolerant of Metformin When titrating the dosage of opioids, the CDC recommends that you should also consider prescribing naloxone when the opioid dosage reaches what morphine milligram equivalent (MME) per day threshold? - ANSWER 50 Investigation for spina bifida - ANSWER Ultrasound Goal for fasting blood glucose reading in GDM - ANSWER <95 mg/dL What is the recommended first line agent to prevent steroid-induced osteoporosis? - ANSWER Bisphosphonates Remission in alcohol use disorder - ANSWER Early (3- 12m), Sustained (>12m)
- Clinical/biochem signs of hyperandrogenism
- Sonographic evidence of polycytic ovary Indication for carotid endarterectomy - ANSWER >70% stenosis of carotid vessels for symptomatic patient Ringed appearance of oesophagus - ANSWER Is indicative of eosinophilic oesophagitis to treat with PPIs Medication that increases risk of osteoporosis - ANSWER Ranitidine, Thiazolidinediones (glitazones) Greatest modifiable risk factor of AAA - ANSWER Cigarette smoking Immunotherapy can prevent recurrence of severe allergic reactions triggered by - ANSWER Wasp (insect) stings Infant factor to look out for in potential breastfeeding issues - ANSWER Dimpled cheeks, chin not pressed against breast, chalky stools
Which disorder of sexual development is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, coeliac disease, and structural heart defects? - ANSWER Turner's syndrome
- Karyotyping Treatment of life-threatening heat stroke - ANSWER Aggressive ice water immersion Colonoscopy after 75 years old - ANSWER The decision to screen for colorectal cancer in adults aged 76 to 85 years should be an individual one, taking into account the patient's overall health and prior screening history. Adults in this age group who have never been screened for colorectal cancer are more likely to benefit. Screening would be most appropriate among adults who 1) are healthy enough to undergo treatment if colorectal cancer is detected and 2) do not have comorbid conditions that would significantly limit their life expectancy. Peripheral blood film character in B12 deficiency - ANSWER Hypersegmented polymorphonuclear WBCs
