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AAS 210 FINAL EXAM 2025 Complete Q&A
Study Guide (Verified Questions &
Answers) Whence TV writers/producers create their stories and
characters? - CORRECT ANSWER Previous stereotype portrayals; political views, basing these characters on their own experiences, do they know any aa? Then don't then rely on stereotypes Significance of producers referring to previous stereotype portrayals; political views and basing characters on own XPs? - CORRECT ANSWER don't hire minority writer or producers then portrayals reflect experiences of white Americans Ideological sources of film portrayals of Asian Americans? - CORRECT ANSWER Racial ideology, colonialist ideology, class ideology 4 Largest PI [Pacific Islander] groups in U.S.? Native - CORRECT ANSWER Hawaiians, Samoans, Guamanians, Tongans States/section of U.S. where most PIs [Pacific Islander] reside? (visualizing map will help you remember) - CORRECT ANSWER Living in Alaska, CA, HI, OR, TX, NV, UT (Mormon), WA How small is immigration rate of some PI [Pacific Islander] groups? - CORRECT ANSWER Since WWII, some groups (e.g., Fijians, Tongans) as few as 0 or 3 in a year to < 2000 NATIVE HAWAIIANS
Who first discovered Hawaii? - CORRECT ANSWER Chinese Polynesian How did the Chinese Polynesian find Hawaii? - CORRECT ANSWER Navigation of stars o What did the Polynesian transplant to Hawaii? - CORRECT ANSWER Cane Sugar, Cane syrup, Pineapple, Coconuts, Grapefruit, Taro Taiping Rebellion - CORRECT ANSWER resulted from an internal rebellion of the Manchu Dynasty result, South-Eastern provinces devastated. Cantonese impacted because they were the first group of Chinese in significant contact with the Western world. Hong Kong becoming a British territory, that just pushed more to adopt the idea of going to the west in order to recoup their loses. Whey were Cantonese impacted by Taiping Rebellion - CORRECT ANSWER 1st group of Chinese in significant contact with western world Hong Kong became British territory: pushed idea of going west to recoup their losses result of philosophical debates of Confucianism - CORRECT ANSWER Chinese culture stagnated from the squashing of independent thought and writing by Chinese scholars. "Coolies" - CORRECT ANSWER recruiters who used unruly methods to get paid for recruiting Chinese workers. At times, they even resulted in kidnapping workers or trapping them in dishonest indentured servitude.
Anti-miscegenation laws low population of Chinese-American women: little amounts of Chinese families formed. 1st wave CA Rate of Assimilation - CORRECT ANSWER low b/c lack of english stopped most opportunities to assimilate 1st wave CA: Characteristics of Emigrants - CORRECT ANSWER mostly from villages form SE Canton and coasts of Kwantang Cantonese illiterate, uneducated laborers majority male usu didn't plan permanent residence often sent money back to family willing to work long hours little to no political presence outside of our commuities 1st wave CA farmers contribution - CORRECT ANSWER introduced rice, tea and sugar cane to the States, helped introduce farming technology in California. A type of cherry and frost resistant oranges were invented by 1st Wave Chinese immigrants. CA laundry - CORRECT ANSWER low start up costs niches little eng needed no edu needed business competition b/w chinese provided employment for new CA immigrants 1st wave CA:Types of Work Early Work - CORRECT ANSWER Gold mines transcontinental railroad: paid 2/3 of white wage farmers fishing
manufacturing: by 1870, CA 25% of Calif labor force laundry When CA rural? - CORRECT ANSWER During the 1800's, the Chinese typically lived in _______ areas, usually to stay close to mining communities. Even with laws that banned them from city limits, Chinese Americans tended to disperse to rocky and Pacific states. When CA urban? - CORRECT ANSWER 1910, most 1st Wave Chinese lived in __________ ghettos. Chinese Americans also traveled around towns because they were worried about incestous relationships with people from similar clans as themselves. 1st wave CA in Hawaii Recruitment - CORRECT ANSWER Planters who valued "low wages" over "White Man's Hawaii" ended up importing Chinese immigrants because there was a large market of unskilled, cheap laborers. Recruiters offered significantly better wages for 1st Wave Chinese compared to what they would have received working in China. 1st wave CA in Hawaii Types of Work - CORRECT ANSWER sugar plantations were the favorite job for Chinese-Americans in Hawaii. Planters had a favorable opinion of Chinese workers because of their endurance and work ethic as well as their acumen with growing sugar. The low wages mentioned also played a significant part on why planters hired Chinese workers. Because there were very little foreigners in Hawaii, Chinese also took up many of the domestic jobs. Rice growing was also mainly in Hawaii because of the competition in California.
West Coast Chinatowns were often pillaged and plundered by white mobs, leaving lynchings and fires in their wake. "Not a Chinaman's Chance" was the motto. California legislature even had a legal holiday for anti-Chinese sentiment which sanctioned beating and murdering Chinese. Politically, both Republicans and Democrats pushed for anti-Chinese laws. There were regions within California that barred prevented them from living in certain residential areas, obtaining fishing licenses, owning land and opening businesses. The Gold Miners Tax (1850-70) was enacted in the wake of the fear of losing gold to Chinese miners. 50% of the revenue made in the first 4 years and 98% of the next 16 years. The tax was consistently challenged, disbarred and re-enacted. To encourage railroad labor, government taxed fishing and mining heavily for Chinese. Gold Miners Tax (1850-70) - CORRECT ANSWER enacted in the wake of the fear of losing gold to Chinese miners 50% of the revenue made in the first 4 years and 98% of the next 16 years The tax was consistently challenged, disbarred and re-enacted. 1st wave CA Responses to Discrimination - CORRECT ANSWER The Chinese Americans reacted by protesting vendors who unfairly fired Chinese workers and the Chinese government embargoed American goods in reaction to the Exclusion Act. Chinese also took legal action. Some took on immigration, work, and anti-miscegenation policies in the courtroom. For example, Chinese fought the unpaid wages for railroad workers. 1898 Wong Kim Ark vs.
US went to Supreme Court and secured citizenship for minorities who were born in the US. Ling Sing vs. Washburn (1862) ruled Chinese could be taxed like other citizens but could not be exclusively taxed. Yick Wo vs. Hopkins ruled that if a law is specifically discriminatory to a certain group, it is unconstitutional. Railroad workers formed unions and fought and striked for higher wages and safer working conditions. Chinese opportunistically found loopholes within American laws. To help Chinese immigrants to obtain citizenship, Chinese merchants made "partnerships" in order to have immigrants considered as merchants, which weren't barred from the Exclusion Act. 1st wave CA - CORRECT ANSWER Outmarrying Anti-Miscegenation Laws Role of Christian Missionaries White missionaries wanted spread the awareness of the evils of paganism in China.They provided fake propaganda of the immoral culture in China in hopes of spreading Christianity. Missionaries originally defended Chinese, but once they faced substantial rejection for Christianity, they turned against the Chinese. Stereotypes were spread by missionaries. 1st wave CA Anti-Miscegenation Laws - CORRECT ANSWER 1st wave CA Role of Christian Missionaries - CORRECT ANSWER White missionaries wanted spread the awareness of the evils of paganism in China.They provided fake propaganda of the immoral culture in China in hopes of spreading Christianity.
Chinese Women - CORRECT ANSWER While sons of Chinese US citizens could obtain citizenship to immigrate, the wives of citizens could not migrate. Bachelor societies became a staple in Chinese communities. Lack of a second generation of 1st Wave Chinese Prostitution was a major problem in Chinese communities. Also, other forms of lust such as nudie calendars and women watching. Chinese American Community Community Fragmentation - CORRECT ANSWER 1st generation was closer to their tribe/village than the pan-Chinese community, while 2nd generation was more assimilated to American culture Drugs, gambling and and prostitution ran wild in Chinatowns. Those vices reflected poorly on the Chinese image. Merchants used Chinatowns to personally gain more power. Chinese women were kidnapped and brought to America in order to replenish brothels. It lead to an unethical level of forced prostitution in Chinatowns. Chinese American Community Community Fragmentation Community Forces Tongs were the criminal oriented secret societies in Chinatowns that were involved in the vices. Fongs were family oriented village members. They maintained social hubs for their communities.
Huiguans were essential to the Chinese American community. They provided mutual aid and fought anti-Chinese legislation. They were very united because they shared the same dialect. Housing, job- searching and rotating loans were all provided by Huiguans. Clans had a common ancestor and typically one dominated a Chinatown at the time. - CORRECT ANSWER 1st wave CA Scott Act (1888) - CORRECT ANSWER Prohibited Chinese laborers who left the US from returning unless they had legal relatives living in the US owning property over $1000. It also voided all certificates promised to Chinese sojourners upon return to the US. This is an example of the bias of the Supreme Court superseding the US Constitution. 1st wave CA Geary Act (1892) - CORRECT ANSWER Extended Exclusion Act for another decade. All Chinese Americans would have to register to remain in the US. Hundreds of legal citizens were arrested for not having their registration on them. Discovered how long before Cook arrived? - CORRECT ANSWER Describe Hawaii before Cook arrived: - CORRECT ANSWER No monetary system. Popular you are, the more power you have .Power from ppl Chiefs nice to ppl Respect to nature How did the arrival of European and American missionaries and capitalists change Hawaii? - CORRECT ANSWER Bayonent Restricted
#2 reason for coming to U,S. = educational and earning opportunities, e.g., being pulled by Calif. Fruit companies needing laborers for picking fruit; Typhoon causing destruction; Commercial airlines start operating about 1948; Live in HI, CA, DC
- Reasons for CHAMARRO/GUAMANIANS immigrating in current= 2nd wave: - CORRECT ANSWER 1. As colony, Guam exposed to U.S. lifestyle and Chamorro developed desire to have that lifestyle;
- Still have large U.S. Naval station in Guam which further exposes Chamorro to Americans; Joining U.S. military; English = 1 of 2 official languages (other = Chamorro) which eases transition;
- Natural disasters; a. Typhoons in 1976, 1990s, 2002; b. Severe earthquake in 1993;
- Some ethnic tension (manifested in jokes) between Chamorros and Filipinos, esp. in 1980s and 1990s;
- Economy in Guam = weak; a. Economy in Guam = largely based on tourism; 9/11 attacks hurt tourism; 1990s military cutbacks, which increased after 9/11; Limits on work opportunities in Guam when U.S. military takes up so much land; Relatively low standard of living; Work opportunities in United States; Better than lower standard of living on Guam; More Chamorros in U.S. than in combination of Guam and N. Mariana Islands: Likely to have friends or relatives already in U.S.; Those in Guam aren't protected by U.S. Constitution, can have their rights taken away by U.S. Congress FIJIANS Colonized by whom? - CORRECT ANSWER G.B. How colonizing was similar to and different from U.S. colonization of Hawaii: - CORRECT ANSWER made colonization more palatable to Fijians, G.B. prohibited; Making Fijians work on plantations; Selling land
owned by Fijians to foreigners; Fijians generally wanted just enough work to enable them to live rather than a full-time job that regulated their lives Fijians: 1st significant immigration wave from 1980s to now: - CORRECT ANSWER Political instability and unrest into 21st century; Series of coups from 1987 on Coups hurt primary bases of Fijian economy: tourism and sugar production; 1987-1992 about 50,000--mostly Indo- Fijians left Goal of G.B. towards Fijians - CORRECT ANSWER exploiting fijians SAMOANS Appeal of Samoa to Europeans from 1700s: - CORRECT ANSWER regular stopping point for trading ships Sweatshops in U.S. territories, such as Guam, Samoa, and Saipan can label their clothes "Made in U.S.A." What is the significance of that? - CORRECT ANSWER in U.S. territories, such as Guam, Samoa and Saipan, can label their clothes "Made in the U.S." which helps sell them because such clothes have cachet worldwide and some Americans prefer clothes made in America in the belief that doing so helps American employment and sometimes motivated by racism; But the sweatshops don't have to obey U.S. minimum-wage laws or have worker-safety protections required by U.S. labor laws Immigration of American Samoans
- 1st ripple: when & why: 1st WAVE (more like ripple): - CORRECT ANSWER AFTER WWII (Early 1950s) Military enlistment = major catalyst to emigrating WWII = 1st time hundreds of Samoans could join
white supremacy; (institutional racism), tech guys; problems facing minorities; zoo stories (go to zoo and look at animals, oh well go to Chinatown and watch the Chinese on new years); What are some institutional consequences of press portrayals? - CORRECT ANSWER Marginalize minorities; What would be gained by wider representation of minorities? - CORRECT ANSWER What stereotypes/portrayals of AAs in advertisements today? - CORRECT ANSWER Asian men used in tech adv, more likely to be in background; adv portrayals medical field, work setting Why did stereotypes about Asian Americans become "favorable" after World War II? - CORRECT ANSWER Business purposes; if aa can be successful then any minority can; JAs coming back from internment didn't trust govt; Evidence that model minority stereotype is false: - CORRECT ANSWER per capital; household income; ignores variations of aa; cost of living is higher; compared aa to white ams aas make less; more workers per household; live in more expensive cities; make less for amt of edu they have; higher percentage of woman work and women work more hours; both American born and not don't make as much as women do Historically, how have AA men been portrayed in films? - CORRECT ANSWER Usually seen as villains, mystical, no life aside from catering to white characters, feminine, uncontrollably lustful, never get the woman, one dimensional
Historically, how have AA females been portrayed in films? - CORRECT ANSWER Eroticized, orientalized, submissive, loyal, commoditified, ethnically interchangeable, objectified What concrete effects have mainstream film portrayals of AAs had? - CORRECT ANSWER Confining AA to certain roles seem natural and normal, taken as truth so ppl believe it in society; set them up as someone that is there to support someone doing the real work; fewer AA in films; What effects did mainstream film portrayals have on AA women? - CORRECT ANSWER Human trafficking, lower wage domesticated services impedes their mobility Have mainstream film portrayals clearly distinguished between Asians and Asian Americans? - CORRECT ANSWER no What characterizes media portrayals now? - CORRECT ANSWER Assumed that their foreigners, really disproportionate that cant speak English without an accent, How are Asians portrayed? - CORRECT ANSWER Symbols of not american How Asian faces/accents are portrayed? (manna article) - CORRECT ANSWER portrayed as "alien" to America, given accents when not needed, portray Asian cultures as inherently predatory (taking from this country without giving back),
How is this neocolonialist sense of entitlement manifested among some white Americans today? - CORRECT ANSWER Asian Americans are taking jobs that belong to white people Whites deserve to ride on the coattails of their ancestors since they were in america first Solidifies colonialist attitude To whom is a system of privilege least visible? - CORRECT ANSWER The system is usually least visible to those who are most privileged by it XII. NEOCOLONIALIST PORTRAYALS OF U.S. What does meritocracy myth claim? - CORRECT ANSWER Anyone who works hard can become successful; or might reflect your talent What evidence that U.S. is not a meritocracy? - CORRECT ANSWER Trump; white ppl have adv, affirmative action for white ppl; senior citizens can get cheaper movies; society gives preferences to ppl homeowners seniors, (reader chapter on meritocracy) Is it true that the U.S. has historically had a system based on merit in which people got into college, were hired, and were promoted based solely on their hard work and ability? - CORRECT ANSWER Yes How does the number of white students entering the most elite colleges through alumni preferences compare to the number of black and Latino students admitted to such colleges through affirmative action? - CORRECT ANSWER Legacy Enrollment - students get into prestigious colleges because their family went there, usually white, rich and less qualified (the dumber bush got into Yale because his fathers went to Yale)
What is hidden by dominant portrayals of U.S.? - CORRECT ANSWER looking for voting, financial system, tax law, poll tax, think about discussion about advantages (wealth being provided through generations) Comparison of the financial standing of EA and Afr. Am. with same education and occupation: - CORRECT ANSWER know that East Asians and African Americans have diff financial assets, af am can have fewer, because of that accumulation of privilege through generations Whose interests are served by meritocracy myth? - CORRECT ANSWER Ppl at the top of socio economic structure, not necessarily white, can have aa that are well to do that think they got there solely on hard work What do white Americans think about their privileges compared to US?
- CORRECT ANSWER Many white Americans claim their ancestors came to the United States with nothing--having no advantages, facing discrimination, and not knowing English but they just worked hard and everyone else should do the same. Identify some flaws in this argument that white Americans of their privileges : - CORRECT ANSWER more discrimination against minorities and aa and laws pitted against them, so whites had more advantages like joining unions and such, more pay than aa immigrants got as farm laborers; Why might white Americans sincerely believe this claim that they had no privileges? - CORRECT ANSWER What they're taught at home and what they're taught; K-12 hides the advantages that white ppl had
