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AAPC CPC Study Guide Chapter 2 Med
Term and Anatomy
Blephar/o - ✔Eyelid Bucc/o - ✔Cheek Cholecyst/o - ✔Gallbladder Colp/o - ✔Vagina Cyst/o - ✔A fluid sac or pouch, urinary bladder Derm/o - ✔Skin Encephal/o - ✔Brain Enter/o - ✔Intestines Hem/o, Hemat/o - ✔Blood My/o - ✔Muscle Myel/o - ✔Spinal cord, bone marrow Onych/o - ✔Nail Oste/o - ✔Bone Phleb/o - ✔Vein Pulm/o - ✔Lungs Synov/i - ✔Synovial fluid, joint, or membrane Ab- - ✔Away from Ad- - ✔Toward, near Ante- - ✔Before Ec-, Ecto- - ✔In, within Mon/o - ✔One Poly- - ✔Many, much Post- -
✔After, behind -centesis - ✔Puncture -desis - ✔Binding, fusion -ectomy - ✔Excision, surgical removal -graphy - ✔Act of recording data -pexy - ✔Surgical fixation -plasty - ✔Plastic repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction -tripsy - ✔Crushing Anterior (ventral) - ✔Toward the front of the body Posterior (dorsal) - ✔Toward the back of the body Medial - ✔Toward the midline of the body Lateral - ✔Toward the side of the body Proximal - ✔Nearer to the point of attachment or to a given reference point Distal - ✔Farther point of attachment or from a given reference point Superior (cranial) - ✔Above; toward the head Inferior (caudal) - ✔Below; toward the lower end of the spine Superficial (external) - ✔Closer to the surface of the body Deep ( internal) - ✔Closer to the center of the body Sagittal - ✔Cut through the midline of the body from front to back dividing the body into right and left sections Frontal (coronal) - ✔Cuts at a right angle to the midline, from side to side dividing the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections. Transverse ( horizontal) - ✔Cuts horizontally through the body separating the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections Organs of cranial cavity - ✔The space inside this skull or cranium containing the brain Spinal (vertebral) cavity - ✔Space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord Thoracic, or chest cavity -
✔Examples include the zygomatic and vertebrae Closed fracture - ✔Does not involve a break in the skin Compound fracture - ✔projects through the skin increasing the possibility of infection Comminuted fracture - ✔Shatters the affected part into bony fragments Transverse fracture - ✔Breaks the shaft of the bone across the longitudinal axis Greenstick fracture - ✔Where only one side of the shaft is broken, and the other is bent; common in children Spiral fracture - ✔Spread along length of bone and produced by twisting stress Colles' fracture - ✔Occurs in the wrist and affects the distal radius bone Compound fracture - ✔Occurs in vertebrae and is subject to extreme stress Epiphyseal fracture - ✔Occurs where the matrix is undergoing calcification and chondrocytes are dying; usually seen in children Axial skeleton consists of - ✔Skull, ribs, neck, sternum, vertebrae sacrum Appendicular skeleton consists of - ✔Shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, and extremities Skeletal muscle - ✔Also called the striated muscle is attached to the skeleton; contraction of the skeletal muscle is under voluntary control Smooth muscle - ✔Found in the walls of all of the hollow organs of the body (except the heart) Its contraction reduces the size of these structures; movement generally is considered involuntary (not under voluntary control) Cardiac muscle - ✔Also called the heart muscle; makes up the wall of the heart LAD - ✔Left anterior descending artery PDA - ✔Posterior descending artery IMA - ✔Internal mammary artery RSCA - ✔Right subclavian artery RCA - ✔Right carotid artery LCA - ✔Left carotid artery Lymphatic vessels - ✔Empty their contents into either the right lymphatic duct or the thoracic duct situated in the thoracic cavity Spleen -
✔Filters and destroys red blood cells that are no longer efficient Thymus - ✔Bi-lobed organ located in the neck and extends into the thoracic. Thymus is responsible for T- lymphocyte maturation enabling them to function against specific pathogens in the immune response Tonsils - ✔Partially encapsulated lymph nodes in the throat Respiratory system - ✔Nose, and nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi and their small branches, the lungs and alveoli Nose - ✔Provides an airway to breathe, serves as a resonating chamber for speech and houses the smell receptors nasopharynx - ✔Air passageway Oropharynx - ✔Air and food passageway Laryngopharynx - ✔Air and food passageway Larynx - ✔Voicebox Urinary system - ✔Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra External male genitalia - ✔Testes, epididymis, scrotum and penis Internal male genital system - ✔Prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and Cowper's glands. Female external genitalia - ✔Vulva. labia major and minor, clitoris external opening of vagina, opening to urethra, Skene's gland and bartholin glands Internal female genital system - ✔Vagina, uterus, two Fallopian tubes and two ovaries CNS - ✔Central nervous system PNS - ✔Peripheral nervous system Peripheral nervous system - ✔Includes the cranial and spinal nerves Central nervous system - ✔Made up of brain and spinal cord Three layers of the eyeball - ✔Retina, choroid, and sclera Retina - ✔Inner-most eye Choroid - ✔Middle eye Sclera - ✔Outermost eye Frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, lacrimal, malar bone, ethmoid, and palatine bones - ✔Bony Orbit
