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Aquatic & Mosquito Exam: Questions & Answers (Verified) - Latest Update, Exams of Pest Management

Minnesota State College Southeast Pest Management

A comprehensive set of questions and answers related to aquatic ecosystems and mosquito control. It covers topics such as the roles of plants in aquatic ecosystems, the effects of excessive plant growth, the growth habits and dispersal of various aquatic plants and algae, the advantages and disadvantages of chemical control, the beneficial roles of fish populations, the reasons for fish control, the mosquito life cycle, mosquito-transmitted diseases, and pesticide characteristics. Valuable for students studying environmental science, biology, or related fields.

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2024/2025

Available from 03/17/2025

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5.0 AQUATIC & MOSQUITO EXAM |

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) |

LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+

List the roles plants play in a healthy aquatic ecosystem.

Correct Answer: -producing oxygen

-preventing shoreline erosion

-lessening excess nutrients during growing season

-stabilizing lake bottom

-providing food and habitat for fish, waterfowl, and other aquatic animals

List ways that excessive plant growth can adversely affect the ecology and uses of a water body.

Correct Answer: -harm ecology of aquatic ecosystem

-curtail or prevent recreational water uses (e.g. fishing, boating, swimming)

-impart tastes or odors to drinking water

-hamper water treatment operations

-adversely affect aesthetics, resort trade, and waterfront property values

-produce toxins that harm animals drinking the water

Describe the general growth habits of, means of dispersal and potential problems caused by: Emergent

aquatic plants

Correct Answer: -*growth habits*: rooted in shallow water, most growth above water

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Download Aquatic & Mosquito Exam: Questions & Answers (Verified) - Latest Update and more Exams Pest Management in PDF only on Docsity!

5.0 AQUATIC & MOSQUITO EXAM |

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) |

LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+

List the roles plants play in a healthy aquatic ecosystem. Correct Answer: - producing oxygen

preventing shoreline erosion
lessening excess nutrients during growing season
stabilizing lake bottom
providing food and habitat for fish, waterfowl, and other aquatic animals List ways that excessive plant growth can adversely affect the ecology and uses of a water body. Correct Answer: - harm ecology of aquatic ecosystem
curtail or prevent recreational water uses (e.g. fishing, boating, swimming)
impart tastes or odors to drinking water
hamper water treatment operations
adversely affect aesthetics, resort trade, and waterfront property values
produce toxins that harm animals drinking the water Describe the general growth habits of, means of dispersal and potential problems caused by: Emergent aquatic plants Correct Answer: - growth habits: rooted in shallow water, most growth above water

means of dispersal: underground root systems
potential problems: very dense and may exclude recreational pursuits like boating, fishing, and swimming. Purple loosestrife is an example of a problem species. Describe the general growth habits of, means of dispersal and potential problems caused by: Submergent aquatic plants (both pondweeds and plants with whorled leaves) Correct Answer: - growth habits: grow mostly under water surface, pondweeds sometimes have floating leaves in addition to their submerged leaves; whorled-leaf plants grow underwater with whorled leaf attachments
means of dispersal: pondweeds have extensive root systems, runners, and can also reproduce from seeds; plants with whorled leaves can disperse when uprooted by breaking free and getting moved by the wind
potential problems: most pondweeds not nuisance except for curlyleaf pondweed and sometimes sago pondweed; whorled leaf plants can uproot and break free easily and drift with wind to clutter shoreline; Eurasian watermilfoil is an aggressive non-native that can affect habitat and restrict recreation. Raking is required to remove these clutters. Describe the general growth habits of, means of dispersal and potential problems caused by: Free- floating and rooted floating-leaved aquatic plants Correct Answer: - growth habits: occur on water surface and can be free-floating or rooted with large floating leaves
means of dispersal: free floating plants are easily windblown. rooted ones not so much
potential problems: free-floating plants accumulate on shorelines and are difficult to control in large waterbodies; rooted plants are rarely a nuisance. Describe the general growth habits of, means of dispersal and potential problems caused by: Free- floating, filamentous, and "rooted" algae

List 5 types of situations in which fish control may be warranted Correct Answer: - eliminating undesirable or competing fish from fish rearing ponds

removing exotic and other undesirable species from a waterbody
thinning stunted fish to bring a population into balance
eliminating fish from a hatchery water supply to prevent a potential reservoir of disease-causing organisms
treating fish spawning sites to prevent overpopulation of an individual species Explain why post-treatment management can be important in the long-term success of a pesticide treatment project. Correct Answer: - because when fish populations are lowered, density-dependent population growth allows the population to rebound if not managed post-treatment Know the Law: Who do you need to get approval from to conduct any chemical treatment for fish control? Correct Answer: WI DNR Aquatic Plant Management Program List the 2 main reasons why mosquito control may be warranted. Correct Answer: - nuisance
disease Describe the 4 stages of the mosquito life cycle, including the main structural features of each Correct Answer: - egg: laid in water, hatch in ~3 days, some laid on dry land and hatch when flooded

larva: "wiggler", 4 instars with molting in between each, filterers, air tube to breath from surface
pupa: comma shaped, non-feeding, lasts a few days, contain respiratory trumpets, "tumblers"
adult: 1 pair wings, elongated probiscis, pair of antennae, males have bushy antennae while females have short and sparse antennae List the types of info you need about a mosquito species before you can develop an effective program to control it. Correct Answer: - the types and locations of breeding sites
of generations per year
host preference of the females (what animals they prefer to get blood from)
seasonal population levels and how rainfall affects them
their flight range
common resting areas
whether the species can transmit pathogens that may be present in your area
whether the mosquitoes carry pathogens that are present in wildlife populations Describe the habits of Aedes triseriatus, Aedes vexans, and Culex pipiens species of mosquitoes. Correct Answer: - Aedes triseriatus: tree-hole mosquito; breeds in old tires, tin cans, barrels, tree holes and stumps; several generations per year; main vector of La Crosse encephalitis
Aedes vexans: most common pest species in state from late spring-late fall; "inland floodwater mosquito"; larvae in roadside puddles, woodland pools, temporary pools, and river bottoms; continuous breeding in wet years; survives winter and dry periods in egg stage; adults migrate 15-20 miles or more from breeding sites and can live for 3-4 weeks; eggs dormant for up to 5 years before flooding prompts hatching

Contact vs. Systemic: systemic are absorbed and translocated/transported within a plant/animal; contact must directly touch pest or a site that the pest frequents Contrast the difference between organic, inorganic and microbial pesticides. Correct Answer: - organic: most pesticides are this; most are synthetic; extremely effective; specific; principal focus of health/envtl concerns; commonly associated with problems of pesticide use/misuse
inorganic: derived from minerals; silica aerogel, boric acid, borates, diatomaceous earth, copper, sulfur; some have been banned for health/envtl concerns; used mainly for plant diseases and algicides; non-specific and less effective than organics
microbial: cause disease in pests; Bt products (Bacillus thuringiensis); ag and home gardens; one effective against mosquito larvae; high level of control may be possible; highly specific, harmless to other species Explain the difference between the different types of pesticide names. Correct Answer: - Active Ingredient: the part of product that has pesticide activity
Trade Names: name given to commercial formulation of active ingredient; "brand"; sometimes same as common
Common Names: active ingredients also have common name; appear on label on same line with or just before chemical name
Chemical Names: active ingredient given chemical name; long, hard to pronounce
common and chemical name always refer to specific active ingredient and don't change with brands. Outline the characteristics of the insecticide groups discussed in this chapter. Correct Answer: - Synthetic Organic Insecticides: most widely used; 1)organophosphates (widely used, broad spectrum, non-residual, don't accumulate in non-target orgs) 2)pyrethroids

(synthetic, low toxicity to mammals, except cats, permethrin, residual activity, effective at lower temps) 3)neonicotinoids (highly active, low toxicity against mammals, interfere w nervous system)

Botanicals: rotenone, limonene, linalool, pyrethrins and oils (clove and mint); nonpersistent, toxic to humans; not used as much
Oils: surface films on water prevent larvae from getting oxygen; or reduce surface tension so they drown
Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs): synthetic, mimic hormone activity, don't directly kill, apply to breeding areas, methoprene; moderate specificity, minimal risks to nontarget, less insect resistance
Microbial Insecticides: pathogens, Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (Bti) applied to water breeding sites; selective; kills within 12 hours; B. sphaericus has residual control because it reproduces. Describe the events necessary for an herbicide to kill a plant. Correct Answer: - must be absorbed into plant, either through leaves, stems, or roots
if needed, must be translocated to sensitive part of plant AND
must block an important process in plant (i.e. PSN) Explain the difference between contact and systemic herbicides. Correct Answer: - Contact: don't move within plant, only kill parts they touch; symptoms occur quickly; herbicide doesn't persist for long in treated water; broad spectrum
Systemic: absorbed thru leaves/roots and translocated; flow to growing points of stems/roots, killing perennial weeds; symptoms occur slowly; longer control especially on perennial plants; glyphosate, 2,4- D bispyribac-sodium, etc. Compare the uses of contact and systemic herbicides. Correct Answer: - Contact: control floating/submersed aquatic weeds/algae; often must repeat applications during growing season to maintain control

Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the types of formulation discussed in this chapter. Correct Answer: - Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC): Advs: easy to handle, transport, store, pour, and measure; little agitation needed; not abrasive and won't plug screens or nozzles; leaves little visible residue on treated surfaces ... Disadvs: high concentration of active ingredients makes it easy to over/underdose; can damage treated surfaces; easily absorbed by skin; spills hard to clean up; strong odor; corrosive to application equipment; cause pitting/discoloration of painted finishes or treated surfaces; flammable

Wettable Powders (WP): Advs: easy to store, transport, and handle; less likely than EC/petroleum- based formulations to harm treated plants, animals, and surfaces; not phytotoxic; less risk of skin/eye absorption ... Disadvs: must be weighed; hard to mix; inhalation risk; good and constant agitation required in spray tank to maintain suspension; abrasive to pumps/nozzles; difficult to mix in very hard or alkaline water; can clog nozzles/screens; residues visible on treated surfaces
Flowables (F or AF): Advs: easy to handle/apply; low exposure risk; usually not phytotoxic; seldom clog nozzles; splashes less likely than other liquids ... Disadvs: need to shake before measuring and mixing; containers difficult to rinse; moderate agitation required; may be abrasive to application equipment; may leave visible residue on treated surfaces
Ultra-Low Volume (ULV): Advs: easy to handle/transport/store; little/no agitation needed; not abrasive to equipment; doesn't plug screens/nozzles; leaves little visible residue on treated surfaces ... Disadvs: high drift hazard from small droplet size; specialized equipment needed; easily absorbed through skin; high inhalation risk; concentrated product; products may cause rubber/plastic hoses, gaskets, and pump parts to deteriorate; calibration and application need to be performed ID the health concerns associated with different formulations. Correct Answer: - Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC): easily absorbed by skin
Wettable Powders (WP): inhalation risk when measuring
Flowables (F or AF): low exposure risk during application
Ultra-Low Volume (ULV): high drift hazard, high dermal and inhalation exposure risk; easily asborbed through skin

Granules (G): not listed
Pellets (P or PS): very safe for applicator
Briquets: not described Describe the function of the adjuvants that we discuss in this chapter. Correct Answer: - Wetting agents and spreader-stickers: surfactants (surface active agents) added to reduce the surface tension of water and allow pesticides to spread evenly over surfaces like leaves
Stickers: increase chemical sticks to leaves, increasing its persistence particularly under wet conditions Penetrants: aid in absorption of pesticide by plant
Thickening / Drift Reduction Agents: reduce drift
Compatibility Agents: allow effective mixing of 2 or more pesticides List precautions and concerns regarding the selection and use of adjuvants. Correct Answer: - the need for adjuvent and best type to use deend on pesticide, desirable plants, pest, and envtl conditions
indiscriminate use and misuse may lead to desirable plant injury, compatibility problems, or reduced pest control ID the most prominent federal pesticide law and which agency oversees it. Correct Answer: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) - the US EPA oversees it
it regulates the production, transportation, sale, use, and disposal of pesticides Describe what is involved in the registration of pesticides.

Commercial applicator not-for-hire: use or direct use only to sites that you or your employer controls and don't contract out pesticide services (e.g. treat pond located on employer's property) List the certification and licensing requirements for commercial applicators. Correct Answer: need certification and license Explain who must keep records of pesticide applications and for how long records must be kept. Correct Answer: - any commercial applicator for-hire, or anyone using a RUP must keep a record of their pesticide applications
records to be kept for 2 years after date of application Outline when you need a permit from the DNR to control aquatic pests. Correct Answer: - need a permit to apply pesticides and other chemicals to WI waters for the management of aquatic organisms List factors that the DNR considers before granting a permit for aquatic pest control. Correct Answer: - potential human and environmental hazards
whether the proposed treatment will provide nuisance relief
whether the treatment would place unreasonable restrictions on existing water uses Describe the certification requirements for a person applying pesticides to waters of the state. Correct Answer: - need a DNR Chemical Aquatic Plant Control Permit to apply pesticides or other chemicals to WI waters for the management of aquatic organisms.

List conditions when the DNR can stop or limit an application even after you have received a permit. Correct Answer: - treatment is ineffective

results in unreasonable restrictions on current water uses
will produce unneccessary adverse effects on nontarget organisms
failure to comply with permit conditions Explain the regulations concerning chemical control of fish. Correct Answer: - it's illegal to chemically control or remove fish from waters of WI unless you have a permit
private fish ponds can do removals if the owner is registered as a private fish hatchery with DATCP or receives a private fish management permit from DNR
permits only allowable in landlocked water
pesticide application can only happen under direct supervision of DNR employee List some of the rules you might have to follow when transporting hazardous materials. Correct Answer: - receive hazardous material training
carry emergency response info in your vehicle
carry shipping papers in your vehicle
placard your vehicle (warning symbol)
have a commercial driver's license (CDL) Explain how to know when you need to follow transportation rules.

Correct Answer: - Mandatory and Advisory Statements: says things you must follow (mandatory) and recommendations for BMPs or improved safety (advisory)

Identifying Info: product's trade name, restricted-use statement, ingredient statement including net contents and inert ingredients
Safety Info: precautionary statements about human health hazards including signal words, responding to an exposure, acute/delayed/allergic effects, and PPE
Directions for Use: longest section including sites where product is registered, pests it will control, product rates, spray rates, methods of application, restricted-entry interval (REI), agricultural use requirements, and storage and disposal statements. List the signal words that you may find on a pesticide label. Correct Answer: - DANGER-POISON
DANGER
WARNING
CAUTION Define what a signal word is and how it relates to the relative toxicity of a pesticide. Correct Answer: - a signal word indicates the relative acute toxicity of the product to humans
it compares its toxicity to another product with a different signal word List the 4 ways you may legally deviate from label directions. Correct Answer: - applying pesticide at lower rate, concentration, or frequency than specified on label
applying pesticide against any target pest not specified on the label if the application is to the site specified on the label
using any method of application not prohibited by the label

mixing 2 or more pesticides, or mixing a pesticide with a fertilizer when such mixture is not mentioned by the label Explain what to do if state laws are more strict than label directions. Correct Answer: - the state law supercdedes (overrules) the label directions Explain which directions you should follow when a product's label has changed. Correct Answer: - follow old label in most cases, except...
if registrant, state, or federal agency cancels/prohibits a product or a specific use of product, then there's a phaseout period and no users can use it after that
heeding new label? if the new label provides better advise, maybe on PPE, it would be wise to follow this advise. However, one cannot use old pesticide on a new site that was listed on the new but not the old label. Compare the types of info you can find on a pesticide label and its SDS sheet. Correct Answer: - SDS sheet usually has more detailed and technical info than the label about the product's chemical and physical properties, toxicological and ecological info, first-aid procedures, and emergency response.
SDS is meant for different professionals
always heed the label if the SDS contradicts it Know the Law: Are the label and supplemental labeling legally binding documents? Correct Answer: Yes

Dermal: not wearing protective clothing, not washing hands after handling pesticides or before going to bathroom, splashing/spilling on skin, exposure to spray/dust drift, windy weather application, touching treated water or application equipment
Eye: rubbing eyes w/ contaminated hands/gloves, splashing in eyes, handling dry formulations w/out eye PPE, applying pesticides in drafty buildings
Inhalation: handling pesticides in confined/poorly ventilated areas, handling dusts/powders, using poorly fitted respirator, being exposed to spray/dust drift Explain how a pesticide's formulation, and body part exposed, affects how much pesticide is absorbed through the skin. Correct Answer: - skin absorbs oil-based formulations most easily; water-based formulations absorb less. Dry materials are least likely to be absorbed. Compare and explain the difference between acute and delayed effects Correct Answer: - acute = short term
delayed = long term Describe the relationship between a pesticide's toxicity and its LD50 and/or LC Correct Answer: as toxicity increases, LD50/LC50 decreases Describe how pesticides are assigned to toxicity categories and given signal words. Correct Answer: - assigned to toxicity category & given signal words based on the highest measured toxicity.
DANGER-POISON + skull/crossbones: highly toxic w/ acute oral LD50 values from a trace to 50 mg/kg; a few drops orally could be fatal to a 150-lb person

DANGER: highly toxic, potential for permanent or severe damage to skin, eyes, or lungs, contact effects are more dangerous than LD50 acute systemic toxicity
WARNING: moderately toxic; if concern is about its systemic toxicity, the acute oral LD50 values can mean that 1tsp-2tbsp could be fatal to a 150-lb person; concern could also be due to contact to skin, eyes, or respiratory tract
CAUTION: slightly toxic; contact effects are generally irritation of eyes, skin, or respiratory tract Describe some of the general symptoms of pesticide exposure. Correct Answer: - mild: fatigue, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, skin/eye/nose/throat irritation, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting
moderate: excess saliva, stomach cramps, trembling, twitching, confusion, rapid pulse
severe: fever, thirst, muscle twitching, convulsions, can't breathe, coma, death Explain how PPE reduces the hazard associated with pesticide use. Correct Answer: - reduces dermal, inhalation, and eye exposure to pesticides but does not eliminate it List precautions you should take in addition to wearing PPE to reduce your exposure to pesticides. Correct Answer: - never eat, drink, or smoke while handling pesticides
wash your hands after handling pesticides
take a shower at end of each work day
use common sense, and maybe wear more PPE than required Explain who is covered by the Hazard Communication Standard. Correct Answer: - all employers with one or more employees (with the exception of farms)

Aquatic & Mosquito Exam: Questions & Answers (Verified) - Latest Update, Exams of Pest Management

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Aquatic & Mosquito Exam: Questions & Answers (Verified) - Latest Update and more Exams Pest Management in PDF only on Docsity!

5.0 AQUATIC & MOSQUITO EXAM |

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) |

LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+

of generations per year