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3P Exam Prep | Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/
(Graded A+)
rotator cuff physical examination - ✔✔drop arm test passively abduct arm and have patient hold and then instruct to slowly lower pos sign = pt unable to lower arm with control or will drop arm with pressure to wrist ankle sprain grade 1 - ✔✔mild with slight stretching and microscopic tears in the ligament mild pain and tenderness ankle sprain grade 2 - ✔✔moderate, partial tear of ligament moderate tenderness and edema with some joint laxity ankle sprain grade 3 - ✔✔severe, complete tear of ligament severe tenderness and edema, often accompanied with small chip fractures and instability Naegele's Rule - ✔✔estimated due date = first day of LMP + 7 days - 3 mon fundal height at 20 weeks - ✔✔umbilicus fundal height after 20 weeks - ✔✔corresponds to the number of weeks pregnant ex 24 weeks = 24 cm from pubis symphysis
preeclampsia - ✔✔HTN and proteinuria after 20 weeks visual complications from preeclampsia - ✔✔blurred vision photophobia scotoma (blind spot) diplopia retinopathy conductive hearing loss - ✔✔sound can not get through outer or middle ear can be caused by foreign bodies, fluid, earwax, ruptured eardrum, allergies sensioneural hearing loss - ✔✔problem with the inner ear can be cause by age related changes, immune disease, infections, injury, tumor Meniere's disease - ✔✔disease of the inner ear (fluid in the labrynth) that leads to balance issues, vertigo, and hearing loss peripheral artery disease - ✔✔blockage of the arteries in the lower extremities s/s: pain in legs during activity cramping numbness tingling in legs non healing sores peripheral vascular disease - ✔✔blockage of veins, arteries, and lymph in the lower extremities
loss of coordination and twitiching fever tremor seizures cullens sign - ✔✔ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with pancreatitis turners sign - ✔✔flank grayish blue (turn around to see your flanks), seen with pancreatitis pterygium - ✔✔triangular like growth of the conjuntiva that extends into the cornea tinea corporis - ✔✔ringworm, fungal infection can be caused by poor hygeine medications used in BPH - ✔✔alpha 5 reductase inhibitors, used to decrease size of prostate ex. finasteride ankle brachial index - ✔✔is used to assess for peripheral artery disease allergic rhinits - ✔✔causes pale nasal muscosa, clear rhinorrhea, red and watery eyes cystic fibrosis - ✔✔genetic disorder that causes mucus and secretions to become thicker and harder to expel from the system s/s: salty tasting skin persistant cough greasy bulky stools
mydriasis - ✔✔pupil dilation pediculosis capitis - ✔✔head lice, itching common focal seizure without impaired consciousness - ✔✔localized, unilateral, may have autonomous symptoms (Jacksonian, abnormal movements that start with one muscle group and progress to another ) ---no postictal focal seizures with impaired consciousness - ✔✔localized, unilateral, may have autonomous symptoms (Jacksonian), confusion, automatisms (uncontrolled movements) ---may be confused or have HA after, may or may not remember focal to generalized seizure - ✔✔partial seizure that progresses to tonic clonic --postictal may remember having aura, may have unilateral neuro deficit generalized seizure - ✔✔tonic-clonic with LOC, cyanosis, incontinence, injury ---postictal may be confusion, HA, amnesia, fatigue, drowsiness absense seizure - ✔✔blacks out --no aura, possible confusion myoclonic seizure - ✔✔sudden jerk of body or extremities --variable postictal state myoclonic atonic seizure - ✔✔drop attack, LOC w fall, no jerking --postictal of brief confusion glaucoma - ✔✔damage to the optic nerve often caused by an increase in ocular pressure goal of tx to decrease IOP, to stabilize the optic nerve, and stabilize visual field (can use beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandins, adrenergic antagonist, cholinergic antagonist, and combo meds)
digoxin and antacids - ✔✔digoxin should not be taken with antacids as they can decrease the availability of digoxin Digoxin therapeutic range - ✔✔0.5-2ng/ml migrane and cerebral arteries - ✔✔migrane causes cerebral arteries to dilate common prophylactic medication for migranes - ✔✔beta blockers (propranolol, timolol) --first line tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline) anticonvulsants (valproic acid, depakote) calcium channel blockers (verapamil) common medications to treat migrane - ✔✔aspirin NSAIDs Triptans (sumatriptan) Ergot derivatives (dihydroergotamine) opioids (acetaminophen w codeine) steroids (dexamethasone) fibroadenoma - ✔✔benign mass in the breast intraductal papilloma - ✔✔benign tumor of lactiferous duct/sinus most common cause of bloody nipple discharge in < when is rhogam given? - ✔✔28 weeks and within 72 hours of delivery to rh negative moms prostaglandin e1 - ✔✔causes vasodilation and smooth muscle relaxation
shingles (herpes zoster) - ✔✔blisters that typically effect one area or one side of face or body when should an iron supplement be taken? - ✔✔on an empty stomach GTPAL - ✔✔Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living remember that sets of multiples only count for one epitrochlear lymph nodes - ✔✔located between tricep and bicep papilledema - ✔✔swelling of the optic disk caused by increased intracranial pressure tinea capitis - ✔✔ringworm of the scalp osteosarcoma in pediatrics - ✔✔often diagnoses after pain in the site Thalassemia - ✔✔inherited blood disorder where body makes less hemoglobin deferoxamine - ✔✔removes excess iron in the body when patients receive frequent blood transfusions primary stage of syphillis - ✔✔one painless lesion (chancre) approx 3 weeks after exposure secondary stage of syphillis - ✔✔fever, lymphadenopathy, diffuse rash, skin lesions around mouth genitals, hands and soles of feet 1st line treatment in acute gout attack - ✔✔colchicine, NSAIDs, steriods
atopic dermatitis - ✔✔eczema pruritis, chronic inflammatory disease (IgE mediated) atopic dermatitis treatment - ✔✔1st line: topical corticosteroids (can supplement with emollients) 2nd line: more potent topical corticosteroid or topical immunosuppressant 3rd line: systemic corticosteroids tinea capitis vs tinea corporis - ✔✔tinea capitis presents on the scalp and tinea corporis is found on face, limbs, or trunk both fungal infections (ringworm) tinea treatment - ✔✔topical antifungals (azole or allylamine) Griseofulvin --inc new keratin resistance to fungal infections (could cause n/v/d/HA/photosensitivity) atypical CAP - ✔✔presents with upper airway symptoms, fever without chills, myalgia, nonproductive cough typical CAP - ✔✔fever, chills, pleuretic chest pain, productive cough expressive aphasia (Brocas) - ✔✔patients are able to understand speech however cannot communicate back receptive aphasia (Wernicke) - ✔✔patients are able to speak but speech does not make sense tinea capitis - ✔✔cannot be treated with topical antifungal
tx = Griseofulvin for 8 weeks (admin w food) varicella - ✔✔fever, malaise, vesicular lesions that begin on trunk and progress to extremities and face systemic antivirals rarely used otherwise treat symptomatically herpes zoster - ✔✔outbreak of grouped vesicles clustered in unilateral pattern of dermatome tx with systemic antivirals in first 72 hrs psoriasis - ✔✔autoimmune, T cell driven papules or plaques that are silvery or whitish scales most common in knees, elbows, and scalp & pitted nails treatment for psoriasis - ✔✔first line is high potency topical corticosteroids and emollients then begin to taper and add vit D analog (Calcipotriene or Calcipotriol) if effects over 10% total body surface, refer to derm examples of low potency topical corticosteroids - ✔✔desonide 0.05% alclometasone diproprionate 0.05% examples of high potency topical corticosteriods - ✔✔amcinonide 0.1% betamethasone dirpoprionate 0.05% uticaria - ✔✔hives most common type of skin cancer - ✔✔basal cell carcinoma
symptoms of pernicious anemia - ✔✔beefy red tongue diarrhea or constipation pale skin lightheadedness shortness of breath on exercise treatment of pernicious anemia - ✔✔parenteral cyanocobalamin (vit B12) injections oral not recommended bc poor absorption due to lack of intrinsic factor spinal stenosis s/s - ✔✔aching, numbness, tingling, or cramping that radiates towards legs and is often relieved with lumbar flexion (or leaning forward) Ankalosing Spondylitis - ✔✔arthritis that causes inflammation of joints and ligaments of spine or in peripheral joints can cause loss of mobility in spine (or fusion of spinal cord) Ankalosing Spondylitis s/s - ✔✔lower back pain and/or hip pain and stiffness pain may worsen when sitting or not moving spinal stenosis - ✔✔caused by spinal cord compression in the lower back or neck cauda equina syndrome - ✔✔dysfunction (often compression) of the lumbar and sacral nerves cauda equina s/s - ✔✔urinary retention or incontinence "saddle" anesthesia (can't feel buttock region)
weakness of lower extremities pain down back and legs thorasic duct - ✔✔drains lymph from lower extremities, pelvis, abdomen, left side of thorax, left upper extremity, left side of head and neck right lymphatic duct - ✔✔drains right upper quadrant of body including right arm, right thorax, and right side of head and neck pleural effusion - ✔✔fluid in the pleural cavity (fluid around lungs) positive McMurrays test - ✔✔indicates a meniscus tear Trichomoniasis s/s - ✔✔foul smelling vaginal discharge, itching, painful urintation single dose drug of choice for chlamydia - ✔✔1000mg (1g) azrythromycin treatment for chlamydia - ✔✔100mg doxycycline for 7 days alpha adrenergic antagonist - ✔✔relaxes muscle tissue in vessles and prostate helping with urine outflow ex. Doxazosin or Prazosin Chrons disease - ✔✔effects entire GI tract from mouth to anus Chrons disease s/s - ✔✔diarrhea, weight loss, rectal bleeding Cryptochordism - ✔✔undescended testicle
incubation period for scabies - ✔✔ 3 - 4 weeks after primary infection subsequent scabies infection - ✔✔occurs after 1-3 days of exposure
