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2025HESI GERONTOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2 DIFFERENT VERSIONS 200
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
A) Longitudinal Research - (answers)What research method/design is most appropriate for looking at aging, form the life course perspective? A) Longitudinal research B) Quasi-experimental design C) Experimental design D) Panel study E) Survey analysis D) Ageism - (answers)The most persistent view of aging in society reflects continuous deterioration and decline, thus forming the basis for age-based prejudice known as: A) Age grading B) Age stratification C) Age norms D) Ageism E) Age differentiation E) Role loss - (answers)The transition out of social roles, such as widowhood and retirement, is referred to as:
A) Unsuccessful aging B) Cognitive functioning C) Continuity theory D) Life events E) Role loss A) True - (answers)"Excess disability" involves experiencing more disability than necessary because the environment in which one lives is either too challenging or not challenging enough. A) True B) False B) Growing market for business comprised of those over age 50 - (answers)The "gray market" refers to the: A) Consumption of goods and services during one's retirement years B) Growing market for business comprised of those over age 50 C) Growing number of businesses that offer "senior discounts" D) Growing market for meaningful activities among people over age 50 E) None of the above D) Live a committed, justified life - (answers)How should people prepare for old age, according to de Beauvoir? A) Set aside money
C) Aging is regulated by glandular cells, perhaps of the hypothalamus, thymus, or pituitary gland. D) Waste products and other harmful substances build up in the cells. E) None of the above B) False - (answers)Although cultural stereotypes suggest that women are more biologically fragile than men, the Gompertz law indicates that women and men are equally likely to die. A) True B) False B) False - (answers)The concepts of morbidity and disability can be used interchangeably—they mean the same thing when considering the compression of morbidity hypothesis. A) True B) False B) False - (answers)International research on health trends in later life provides consistent results across countries. A) True B) False D) Intelligence applied to new tasks or the ability to come up with novel or creative solutions to unforeseen problems - (answers)Fluid intelligence refers to:
A) Intelligence accumulated from past experience and socialization B) Intelligence that is measured on a verbal and a performance scale C) Pragmatic or social judgment D) Intelligence applied to new tasks or the ability to come up with novel or creative solutions to unforeseen problems E) None of the above E) All of the above - (answers)Cross-sectional studies of intelligence may reveal differences between young and old people that do not arise from age, but from characteristics of different cohorts, including which of the following? A) Young people are more familiar than old people with test taking. B) Old people show more test anxiety than young people. C) Some old people accept the prejudices of ageism and believe that intelligence declines with age. D) Young people are less cautious than old people and may be more likely to guess at the answer on tests of intelligence. E) All of the above A) True - (answers)As a group, older people take longer than younger people to learn new things. A) True B) False
E) Both B and C - (answers)A multidimensional functional assessment involves which of the following? A) A thorough physical exam B) A full examination of physical, mental, and social conditions C) An older adult's economic and social resources D) Both A and C E) Both B and C B) False - (answers)Dementia is characteristic of normal aging. A) True B) False C) Combining insurance with health care providers and facilities in a unified network to control costs - (answers)"Managed care" refers to which of the following? A) Age-based rationing of health care to control costs B) Hiring managers to oversee health care providers in various hospital departments to control utilization of services C) Combining insurance with health care providers and facilities in a unified network to control costs D) Avoiding unneeded care or treatment that prolongs dying E) Using cost-benefit analysis to select the most cost effective treatment options
D) All of the above - (answers)Which of the following factors is responsible for rising health care costs? A) Increasing longevity B) Increasing intensity of services C) Fraud, waste, and abuse D) All of the above E) A and B above A) True - (answers)Callahan argues that it is acceptable to withhold treatment from older persons, but it is unacceptable to collaborate with patients who want help in ending their lives. A) True B) False A) True - (answers)Ubel argues that health care rationing is already a widespread practice in the United States and elsewhere, even outside of managed care organizations. A) True B) False D) Exchange theory - (answers)Which of the following theories of aging is best applied to patterns of caregiving over the life span? A) Disengagement theory B) Activity theory
B) False E) All of the above - (answers)Which of the following are risk factors for elder abuse? A) Psychopathology, especially alcohol and substance abuse B) Family history of violence C) Social isolation D) Care giving burdens E) All of the above E) A and B above - (answers)Which of the following protective functions may result when health professionals assist caregivers in recognizing the limits of their own health, identifying supportive services, and sharing caregiving responsibilities among available family members? A) It may prevent elder abuse or neglect that might have been triggered by caregiver burden. B) It may protect the caregiver from mistreatment or abuse. C) It may assist professionals in balancing autonomy and beneficence. D) All of the above E) A and B above B) False - (answers)The majority of perpetrators of elder abuse are strangers to the victims. A) True
B) False A) True - (answers)A competent patient may refuse interventions even if a health professional confirms that the patient is being mistreated. A) True B) False C) Oregon - (answers)Which state was the first in the U.S. to make physician- assisted suicide legal? A) Hawaii B) Massachusetts C) Oregon D) All of the above E) A and B above E) All of the above - (answers)Which of the following reflect public concerns about assisted dying? A) The possibility of medical error B) The potential for abuse C) The roles played by financial interests in prolonging or shortening life D) The possibility of a "slippery slope" down a path of moral decay E) All of the above
A) The feminization of poverty - (answers)The greater likelihood of poverty among women in old age is called which of the following? A) The feminization of poverty B) The sex ratio C) The crossover phenomenon D) The aging poverty phenomenon E) Economic jeopardy B) more, lower - (answers)Older people tend to have wealth than younger people and incomes compared to other adults in the United States. A) more, higher B) more, lower C) less, higher D) less, lower B) False - (answers)Income tends to increase after retirement because of the increasing value of home equity as a proportion of assets. A) True B) False B) A numerical measure of the number of persons in the labor force compared to the number of persons not in the labor force. - (answers)The support ratio, or dependency ratio, refers to:
A) The proportion of the federal budget that is devoted to age-based entitlement programs B) A numerical measure of the number of persons in the labor force compared to the number of persons not in the labor force. C) A measure of the life-time contributions of older persons to the economy D) None of the above E) All of the above C) 50 - (answers)Peterson projects that by the 2030s, percent of the adult population of the nation's industrialized countries will have approached the eligibility age for publicly financed retirement. A) 10 B) 25 C) 50 D) 75 E) None of the above D) We must cut public resources to older adults to help younger people and avert conflict between generations. - (answers)Which of the following statements reflects the "new victim blaming" mentality described by Minkler? A) Younger workers should be willing to contribute a larger proportion of taxes to support older cohorts. B) While poverty rates among older Americans have dropped, about 10 percent of elders still fall below the poverty level.
C) Create personal savings accounts to enable workers to have more control over their Social Security taxes D) All of the above E) A and B above A) True - (answers)Social Security was never intended to be the sole source of income for people in retirement. A) True B) False A) True - (answers)The Social Security Act of 1935 was a response to the Great Depression at a time when only 5% of the U.S. population was over age 65. A) True B) False D) 1986 - (answers)Mandatory retirement was abolished by law in. A) 1964 B) 1969 C) 1972 D) 1986 E) 1996
D) All of the above - (answers)Freedman is baffled that older Americans don't do more volunteering for which of the following reasons? A) Many older people want to be more involved. B) Social ties and community engagement have been linked to better physical and mental health. C) Older adults vote at a higher rate than any other age group. D) All of the above E) A and B above B) False - (answers)A majority of workers in the United States are covered by pension plans. A) True B) False B) False - (answers)Caro, Bass, and Chen argue that chronological age is a strong predictor of performance in physical and mental activities. A) True B) False B) About one-quarter - (answers)Boomers make up what proportion of the U.S. population? A) About one-half B) About one-quarter
C) $7 trillion - (answers)The 50-plus segment of the U.S. population controls three-quarters of the total net worth and financial assets of the country, or more than. A) $3 billion B) $7 billion C) $7 trillion D) $9 trillion E) None of the above D) Both A and B - (answers)Consumers who fall into the "older-old" age category are often concerned about which of the following issues? A) Financial security B) Failing health C) Assisted living D) Both A and B E) Both B and C A) True - (answers)With the 25- to 44-year-old population now shrinking, companies will increasingly need to reach older age groups in order to be successful. A) True B) False
B) False - (answers)There is clear empirical support for the efficacy of brain fitness training programs for significantly improving brain health. A) True B) False B) 90% - (answers)What percentage of older adults surveyed in multiple studies conducted by AARP say that they'd prefer to remain in their own homes and "age in place"? A) 50% B) 90% C) 100% D) 25% E) None of the above C) Implicit or indirect methods of rationing that limit access to the health care system, such as through case management - (answers)Backdoor rationing" refers to which of the following? A) Rationing health care on the basis of age without public acknowledgment of the practice B) Implementing a waiting list to replace a market system for allocating some types of medical care C) Implicit or indirect methods of rationing that limit access to the health care system, such as through case management D) Setting up special committees to decide which patients will have access to certain services
